Negotiation in construction industrial dispute, an assessment of UAE situation

Negotiation in construction industrial dispute, an assessment of UAE situation Introduction Projects relating to constructions and contracts have greatly increased and are now recognized in the UAE over the past years. This has significantly given rise to great numbers of claims either between contractors and employers or even between contractors and sub-contractors (Hinchey and Schor 2002, 63).Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Negotiation in construction industrial dispute, an assessment of UAE situation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These disagreements are mostly solved by conciliation or arbitration and are predominantly held in the universal language which is English, where specialist arbitrators are appointed due to the nature of the subjects involved (Ren 2011, 123). Assessments of UAE situation and the negotiations in the construction industries Negotiation is another important mechanism for arranging construction contracts in the construction industry. Project managers may often fi nd themselves as participants in negotiations, either as principal negotiators or as expert advisors. These negotiations may be complicated and often present important opportunities and risks for the various parties involved. For example, negotiation on work contracts could involve issues such as completion date, arbitration procedures, special work item compensation, contingency allowances as well as the overall price (Essam 2006, 453). However, exogenous factors such as the history of a contractor and the general economic climate in the construction industry will determine the results of negotiations. The skill of a negotiator can affect the possibility of reaching an agreement, the profitability of the project, and the scope of any eventual disputes, and the possibility for additional work among the participants. Therefore, negotiations are an important task for many project managers. However, even after a contract is awarded on the basis of competitive bidding, there are many oc casions in which subsequent negotiations are required as conditions change over time (Fleming 2003, 13; Harmon 2004, 47). Poor negotiating strategies adopted by one or the other party may also preclude an agreement even with the existence of a feasible agreement range.Advertising Looking for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For example, one party may be so demanding that the other party may simply decide to break off the negotiations. In this effect, negotiations are not a well behaved solution methodology for the resolution of disputes (Kumaraswamy and Chang 1998, 12; Al-Khalil and Al-Ghafly 1999, 647). Therefore, the possibility of negotiating failures in the land sale example highlights the importance of negotiating style and strategy with respect to revealing information. Style includes the extent to which negotiators are willing to seem reasonable, the type of arguments chosen, th e forcefulness of language used, etc. Clearly, different negotiating styles can be more or less effective in one way or another. Cultural factors are also extremely important and play a major role in negotiation processes. American and Japanese negotiating styles are very different (Cheung, Yiu and Yeung 2006, 132). For example, Revealing information is also considered as a negotiating decision. In the land sale case, some negotiators would readily reveal their reserve or constraint prices, whereas others would conceal as much information as possible or provide misleading information (Groton 1997, 76; Kumarasamy 1998, 56). Due to these problems, it is often beneficial to all parties to adopt objective standards in determining appropriate contract provisions. These standards would help in coming up with an agreement or a method to arrive at appropriate values in a negotiation (Ho and Liu 2004, 95; Scott 1993, 143). When it comes to additional issues, negotiations may become more comp licated both in procedure and in result. The sequence in which issues are defined or considered can be very important. Negotiations, for example, may proceed on an issue-by-issue basis, and the outcome may depend upon the exact sequence of issues considered.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Negotiation in construction industrial dispute, an assessment of UAE situation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Alternatively, the parties may decide to proceed by proposing complete agreement packages and then proceed to compare packages. When it comes to the outcomes, the possibility of the parties having different valuations or weights on particular issues may arise. When this happens, it is possible to trade-off the outcomes on different issues to the benefit of both parties (Brams and Lerner 1996, 59). Key questions Questions that are frequently asked are: What do you do in order to have a successful negotiation? What way s do you use to negotiate in the UAE construction industry? What types of negotiations that mostly occur in UAE construction industry? Have these negotiations ever occurred in the past or is this the first time they are happening? How have negotiations among contactors affected employer or the employee relationship in UAE construction industries? The Literature review This study reviews the pertinent literature on the subject of negotiations in order to attain the objectives; a thorough review is to be conducted by the use of books, referring to the journals on how disputes among contractors were solved in the past years and also by looking at conference papers to get information and find a solution to these negotiations (Kangari 1995, 65). According to Fleming (2003, 21), the most important items to consider in ADR include; the factors that currently impede the efficient, productive, timely and cost effective performance of projects, source of disputes and practical strategies to avoid disagreements or reduce the impact of disputes in negotiation, general degree of the direct and indirect costs of disputes to clients, contractors, other industry stakeholders and the community, primary principles of conflict management in the context of commercial disputes and practical dispute resolution strategies for facilitating the equitable, certain, amicable, timely and cost effective resolution of disputes (El- Sayegh 2006, 1169). Main reasons for study and analysis Coming up with an analyzed alternative on negotiating methods in construction industry in the United Arab Emirates so as to identify and analyze projects in which various ADR methods were used, to analyze the responses from questionnaires and interviews, to recommend compatible methods and further research and to conduct interviews with the selected representatives (Harmon 2004, 47). Interviews involving construction professionals Questionnaires are prepared and distributed to contractors and their employe es to fill in information about their disagreements, the main causes of these negotiations and their recommendations about these negotiations and what they think should be done to avoid these disagreements in the UAE industries. Writing research reports When writing research reports on negotiation in the construction industry is the main source of concern for anyone concerned with the construction process (Essex 1996, 67).Negotiation, mediation and arbitration remained the main methods for resolving the disputes but new techniques were being explored.Advertising Looking for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When writing a research report inquires the introduction, background of the study, methodology, data analysis, and the conclusion. The construction industry has greatly increased in complexity over the past decades (Essex 1996, 76). A Proposed structure of dissertation Introduction This chapter talks about the construction industry in UAE and how the contractors manage to solve their disputes, talk about the construction projects and how they have increased or decreased in the last decade, introduce any complaints made by contractors or owners and employers or between contractors and sub- contractors and how they solve their disputes and lastly introduce future plans of the construction industry. An overview of negotiations This chapter will talk about: Negotiating method. Negotiations in the UAE construction industries. Institutional and legal framework for negotiating in the UAE construction industries. The UAE construction industries. Negotiating methods This chapter talks abou t the different types of negotiations that are there in a construction industry and these are; domestic or family, personal injuries, workers compensation, construction, bankruptcy, employee benefits and many more negotiations that arise in the UAE construction industry from the information you get from the employees through the questionnaires. It examines the relationship between negotiating when it comes to contracts. It will demonstrate the negotiating processes and how they have affected the employees and the employer’s relationship in the construction industry. The main causes of negotiation in the UAE construction industry This chapter talks about the main causes of misunderstandings, lack of communication, delay in delivery of materials, shortage of labor, financial difficulties by contractors, poor site management, slowness in decision making by client and many more causes as stated by contractors in the questionnaires. Ways of negotiating This chapter talks about all the methods used in negotiation in contraction disputes for example, mediation, conciliation, and arbitration and dispute resolution boards. Conclusion It focuses on conclusions of the study according to the information that was got from the questionnaires that were distributed to the contractors and employees of the UAE contraction companies. References Al-Khalil, M. and Al-Ghafly, M., 1999. Important causes of delay in the public uitility projects in Saudi Arabia. Construction Management and Economics 17, (5) 647-55. Brams, R. and Lerner, C., 1996. Construction Claims Deskbook. Aspen Law Business, USA. Cheung, S., Yiu, T. and Yeung, F., 2006. A Study of Styles and Outcomes in Construction Dispute Negotiation. J. Constr. Eng. Manage. 132, 805. El- Sayegh,S., 2006. Significant factors causing delay in UAE construction industry. Construction management and economics, 24, 1167- 1176. Essam, KZ., 2006. Construction claims in United Arab Emirates: Types, causes and frequency. Internat ional Journal of project management 24, 453-459. Essex, R., 1996. Means of Avoiding and Resolving Disputes during Construction. Tunneling and Underground Space Technology, 7(1), 10-77. Fleming, Q., 2003. Project procurement management: contracting, subcontracting, teaming. Pennsylvania: FMC Press. Groton, JP., 1997. Alternative dispute resolution in the construction industry. Dispute Resolution Journal, 76. Harmon, J., 2004. Construction conflicts and dispute resolution boards: attitudes and opinions of construction industry members. Conflict Resolution Journal, 47. Hinchey, JW. and Schor, L., 2002. The Quest for the Right Questions in the Construction Industry. Dispute Resolution Journal, 63. Ho, SP. and Liu, LY., 2004. Analytical model for analyzing construction claims and opportunistic bidding. Construction Engineering and Management, 130(1) 94-104. Kangari, R., 1995. Construction documentation in arbitration. Journal of Construction Engineering Management, 1(2), 63-123. Kumaras amy, M., 1998. Tracing the roots of construction claims and disputes. Cobra ‘98, RICS Foundation. Kumaraswamy, MM. and Chang, DW., 1998. Contributors to construction delays. Construction Management and Economics, 78-9. Ren, Z., 2011. Lessons Learned from Principled Negotiation in International Construction Projects. J. Legal Affairs Dispute Resolution in Eng. Constr. 3, 123. Scott, S., 1993. Dealing with delay claims: A Survey. International journal of Project Management, Vol-11, No. 3, pp.143.

Requisitos para Dreamers para sacar permiso para viajar

Requisitos para Dreamers para sacar permiso para viajar Los Dreamers, es decir, los muchachos indocumentados que llegaron a Estados Unidos siendo nià ±os, y que tienen DACA aprobado podà ­an  obtener un permiso para viajar fuera de los Estados Unidos y regresar si cumplà ­an una serie de requisitos.   Todo ha cambiado con las declaraciones del fiscal general Jeff Sessions con fecha del 5 de septiembre de 2017. Por otro lado, la orden judicial del juez William Alsup que reinstaura parcialmente DACA con fecha de 9 de enero de 2018, no protege a los jà ³venes que salen de Estados Unidos y posteriormente desean regresar. Por lo tanto en este aspecto en concreto no se modifica lo decido por gobierno en Septiembre de 2017. Asà ­, en primer lugar si un Dreamer habà ­a solicitado un permiso para viajar mediante el formulario I-131 y la solicitud tiene fecha de aprobacià ³n del 5 de septiembre o anterior, podà ­a viajar y en principio no deberà ­a haber problema. Sin embargo, como es un asunto delicado con consecuencias posibles muy graves, es una buena idea asesorarse con una organizacià ³n de apoyo a Dreamers o con un abogado y, en caso de duda, no viajar. Incluso se recomienda hablar con un abogado que està © presente en el aeropuerto el dà ­a del regreso, por si hubiera algà ºn problema. En segundo lugar si no ha pedido el permiso para viajar, no hacerlo despuà ©s de esa fecha, ya que no ser tramitado. En tercer lugar si se pidià ³ el permiso para viajar antes de esa fecha y se est pendiente de una respuesta hay que saber que el USCIS no aprobar el permiso, pero regresar el dinero pagado en concepto de cuota. Demanda de los estados en contra de decisià ³n de Trump de finalizar DACA 15  estados y el Distrito de Columbia   han sumado sus esfuerzos para presentar una demanda en contra del gobierno federal por la decisià ³n de Trump de finalizar el programa DACA. La demanda, que ha sido presentada en el Distrito Este del estado de Nueva York, est liderada por el fiscal general de ese estado y la de Massachusetts. Adems, se han unido los de Carolina del Norte, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Illinois, Iowa, Nuevo Mà ©xico, Oregà ³n, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia, Washington y el Distrito de Columbia. Los estados argumentan que la decisià ³n de Trump de finalizar DACA viola en dos ocasiones la Ley de Procedimiento Administrativo. Adems, violarà ­a la proteccià ³n otorgadas por la Constitucià ³n al  debido proceso. Finalmente, tambià ©n serà ­a contraria a la Constitucià ³n porque violarà ­a el derecho a la igualdad ante la ley. En este punto se argumenta que la decisià ³n de Trump tiene por objeto perjudicar a un grupo de personas por razones de su origen, ya que cuatro de cada cinco muchachos beneficiados por DACA son mexicanos o centroamericanos. Se espera ahora una batalla legal. Todo lo que sigue a continuacià ³n ya tiene solo un valor histà ³rico porque como se ha explicado, ya no se puede aplicar. La Accià ³n Diferida (DACA) como requisito  esencial para el permiso de viajar Los Dreamers  sà ³lo pueden solicitar el permiso para viajar si tienen ya en mano aprobada la Accià ³n Diferida, que se conoce en inglà ©s por las siglas de DACA. DACA es una medida adoptada por el Presidente Barack Obama el 15 de junio de 2012 que permite a los Dreamers que cumplen con ciertos requisitos de edad, residencia, estudios e historial aplicar por una semi- legalizacià ³n. En la prctica supone que el Dreamer al que se le concede la Accià ³n Diferida no puede ser deportado. Adems, pueden obtener una licencia de manejar sin restricciones, un Nà ºmero del Seguro Social, abrir una cuenta de banco y, en determinados casos, aplicar por un permiso de trabajo. Una vez que tienen DACA aprobado pueden solicitar,  previo pago de un arancel,  un permiso para viajar fuera de los Estados Unidos, que se conoce por su nombre en inglà ©s de  advance parole. Nunca pedir el permiso para viajar sin tener DACA aprobado ni tampoco si se est pendiente de su renovacià ³n. Quà © es este advance parole y quà © requisitos  aplican para los Dreamers El advance parole un permiso para  viajar fuera de Estados Unidos y, lo ms importante, regresar. Es una autorizacià ³n que tambià ©n aplica a otro tipo de migrantes, pero a cada categorà ­a les aplica distintos requisitos. No confundirse en este punto al llenar la peticià ³n. Se solicita rellenando el formulario I-131, que se conoce en inglà ©s por el nombre de Application for Travel Document.   Para los   Dreamers es necesario que el permiso para viajar se pida para un viaje en concreto. Excepto si se sabe con antelacià ³n que se necesita realizar varios viajes, por ejemplo, a varios seminarios. En este caso y si se sabe la fecha de cada uno, solicitar todos esos viajes en la misma aplicacià ³n al llenar el formulario I-131, explicando las razones de cada uno de esos viajes. Adems  no se puede viajar por cualquier razà ³n,  sino por una que encaje en alguna de las siguientes: Por cuestià ³n humanitaria, por ejemplo, para visitar a un familiar cercano enfermo.Razones educativas, como un semestre en el exteriorPor trabajo, como visitar clientes, un congreso, un seminario, etc. Es decir, no se puede viajar por vacaciones. Cuando se aplica enviar, adems del pago, la documentacià ³n que se pide. Tener en cuenta que si DACA fue aprobado por el Servicio de Inmigracià ³n y Ciudadanà ­a (USCIS) se necesita adjuntar una copia del documento que se conoce como I-797 Notice of Action, que es la carta en la que se notifica la aprobacià ³n de la Accià ³n Diferida. Por el contrario  si fue ICE quien concedià ³ la accià ³n diferida, se tiene que enviar la notificacià ³n de esta agencia en la que asà ­ consta. Documentos para el viaje de salida desde  Estados Unidos Hay dos posibles situaciones: Si un Dreamer viaja a su propio paà ­s, necesita el pasaporte de su paà ­s que debe ser vlido por al menos otros seis meses. Adems, necesita llevar el permiso de viaje aprobado.Por el contrario, si viaja a un tercer paà ­s, deber adems asegurarse de si necesita solicitar visa antes de viajar a ese paà ­s. Por ejemplo, para viajar a paà ­ses como Italia, Espaà ±a, Francia o Alemania, los cubanos y bolivianos necesitan visa Schengen. Si se viaja a Mà ©xico, un destino muy comà ºn desde los Estados Unidos, un buen nà ºmero de paà ­ses necesitan la visa, como por ejemplo Repà ºblica Dominicana, Guatemala, El Salvador o Cuba. Consultar siempre antes de viajar con la pgina web de la embajada del paà ­s que se desea visitar. Por supuesto no se necesita un permiso de viaje advance parole para dentro de los Estados Unidos, incluidos los estados de Hawaii y Alaska y el avià ³n. Y tambià ©n se puede ir sin problemas a los miembros de la Commonwealth de los Estados Unidos, como Puerto Rico, Guam, Samoa o Islas Và ­rgenes Americanas. Cà ³mo es el regreso a Estados Unidos para Dreamers con permiso para viajar Se puede ingresar por avià ³n, barco o por una frontera terrestre. Hay que esperar un control migratorio por parte de un agente de la CBP y otro aduanero, que pueden ser muy rpidos. Estos son los documentos necesarios: Pasaporte sin expirar con una validez mà ­nima de seis mesesEl premiso de viaje aprobado Adems  se recomienda llevar: Permiso de trabajo, si se tieneLicencia de manejar, si se tieneCopia del documento en el que USCIS aprobà ³ la peticià ³n de DACATodos los documentos que sirvan para probar la razà ³n del viaje al extranjero (invitacià ³n a Congresos, documentos mà ©dicos de situacià ³n de un familiar muy cercano, transcripciones de estudios, etc). Y por supuesto no est dems tener siempre a mano el telà ©fono de un abogado migratorio de confianza. Adems, por precaucià ³n dejar siempre una copia en casa en los Estados Unidos de todos esos documentos. En caso de robo, extravà ­o o problemas migratorios siempre est bien tener una copia donde aparecen datos como los nà ºmeros que lo identifican, fechas de aprobacià ³n, expiracià ³n, etc. El oficial migratorio har como mà ­nimo una pregunta. Cabe esperar que se refiera a la razà ³n del viaje, tiempo que se permanecià ³ fuera de los Estados Unidos, quà © se hace aquà ­, etc. Este es un listado de preguntas comunes a cualquier persona que llega  a un control migratorio  de los Estados Unidos.   Despuà ©s se pasar por un control aduanero. Quà © hay que tener en cuenta para no tener problemas con  permiso para viajar Estos son los consejos que se deben seguir: 1. Absolutamente sà ³lo permanecer fuera de los Estados Unidos dentro de las fechas aprobadas en el permiso para viajar. Por ejemplo, si se viaja a un congreso que finaliza un dà ­a en concreto, solicitar un par de dà ­as ms para el caso sorpresas de à ºltima hora que impidan viajar. Asà ­ siempre se tendrà ­an unos dà ­as de margen para bregar con imprevistos. 2. Planificar con tiempo. Chequear cundo expira el DACA que se tiene actualmente, ya que no se puede pedir un permiso de viajar si DACA est pendiente de ser renovado. Pedir el permiso para viajar al menos 90 dà ­as antes del viaje. 3. Si se llega por mar o aire, el oficial migratorio siempre estampar el pasaporte, quedando asà ­ constancia de la fecha de regreso a los Estados Unidos y, por lo tanto, de que se cumplià ³ con las fechas aprobadas en el permiso de viaje. En el caso de llegar por una frontera terrestre, es muy importante asegurarse de que tambià ©n sellan el pasaporte. Si no lo hacen, solicitar que asà ­ se realice. Asà ­ se evitan potenciales problemas en el futuro. 4. No viajar fuera de los Estados Unidos jams sin este permiso, ya que se dar por terminado DACA y pueden impedir el regreso. Pero,  ¿es conveniente viajar fuera de Estados Unidos? Hay bastante unanimidad entre los abogados y expertos en este tema para opinar que los Dreamers que han acumulado ms de 180 dà ­as (seis meses) de presencia ilegal en Estados Unidos sà ³lo deberà ­an aplicar tras consultar con un experto y entender quà © puede ir mal. La razà ³n es que puede suceder que aunque el advance parole les sea concedido puede que cuando intentan regresar a Estados Unidos y lleguen al control de inmigracià ³n se encuentren con la realidad de que se les aplica la norma conocida como castigo de los tres y diez aà ±os. Y todos los dà ­as se ven casos en las aduanas en los que inmigrantes con un advance parole en la mano se encuentran con la desagradable sorpresa de que no se les permite entrar a Estados Unidos, alterndose asà ­ de un modo significativo sus vidas. Quà © se recomienda hacer en estos casos En primer lugar resaltar que hay otros casos en los que estar sin estatus no equivale necesariamente a acumular dà ­a de presencia ilegal. Por ejemplo, la acumulacià ³n de dà ­as calificados como presencia ilegal no ocurre cuando el inmigrante es menor de edad. Pero una vez que se han cumplido los 18 aà ±os de edad, sà ­ que se acumula el tiempo. En estos casos es muy recomendable contactar con un abogado bueno experto en inmigracià ³n, y, a poder ser, en el tema de la accià ³n diferida. Y en una cita analizar con detenimiento cules son los riesgos, quà © puede pasar y las circunstancias del caso de cada uno. Y desde luego siempre asesorarse con un abogado en casos experiencias de arrestos, deportaciones previas, posibilidad de tener una orden de deportacià ³n pendiente o estar en el medio de un proceso de este tipo. Informacià ³n de interà ©s para Dreamers que desean viajar a otro paà ­s La US-Mexico Foundation est convocando anualmente programas, como Dreamers without Borders, para viajar a Mà ©xico a mexicanos con DACA que nunca han estado en su paà ­s desde que ingresaron a los Estados Unidos siendo nià ±os.   Finalmente  los interesados en las experiencias de otros Dreamers con advance parole, se puede consultar la pgina de Facebook Traveling Abroad with DACA. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

The Difference Between Iran and Iraq

The Difference Between Iran and Iraq Iran and Iraq share a 900-mile border and three-quarters of their names. However, the two countries have different histories and cultures, influenced by shared and unique invaders, emperors, and foreign rules alike.   Many people in the western world, unfortunately, tend to get the two nations confused. This can be insulting to Iranians and Iraqis, who have fought a number of wars against one another over the millennia to assert the independence of each nations governance. Where there may be similarities between these two rival neighbors, there are also significant differences between Iraq and Iran, pitting each against the other for centuries as everyone from the Mongols to Americans invaded their countries, only to later be run off by their military powers. The Differences Iran, pronounced ​ih-RON instead of AY-ran roughly translates in English to mean Land of the Aryans while the name Iraq, similarly pronounced ih-ROCK instead of AY-rack comes from an Uruk (Erech) word for city. Both countries have also been known by different names, Persia for Iran and Mesopotamia for Iraq.   Geographically, the two regions differ in more aspects than just their shared border. The capital city of Iran is Tehran while Baghdad serves as the seat of centralized power in Iraq. Iran ranks 18th largest country in the world at 636,000 square miles while Iraq ranks 58th at 169,000 square miles. Their populations differ proportionally, too. Iran boasts 80 million citizens to Iraqs 31 million. The ancient empires that once ruled the people of these modern-day nations are also vastly different. Iran was ruled in ancient times by the Median, Achaemenid, Seleucid, and Parthian empires while its neighbor was ruled by the Sumerian, Akkadian, Assyrian, and Babylonian empires. This resulted in an ethnic disparity between these nations. Most Iranians were Persian while Iraqis were of Arab heritage. Government and International Policy The government also differed in that the Islamic Republic of Iran operates within a syncretic politics format of  a theocratic Islamic governing body including a president, parliament (Majlis), Assembly of Experts, and their elected Supreme Leader. Meanwhile, Iraqs government is a Federal Constitutional government, essentially a representative democratic republic now with a president, prime minister, and Cabinet, much like the United States president.   The international landscape that influenced these governments also differed in that Iraq was invaded and reformed by the United States in 2003, unlike Iran. As a carryover from the Afghanistan War of years passed, the invasion and resulting Iraq War continued Americas involvement in Middle Eastern policy. Ultimately, they were largely responsible for implementing the representative democratic republic that is currently in place. Similarities Confusion is understandable when differentiating these neighboring Islamic nations given general common misunderstandings of Middle Eastern politics and history, which often included boundaries that changed with time and war and resulted in shared culture between neighboring nations. One of the stark similarities between Iran and Iraq is its shared national religion of Islam, with 90% of Iran and 60% of Iraq following Shia tradition while 8% and 37% follow Sunni, respectively. The Middle East has witnessed a battle for dominance between these two versions of Islam across Eurasia since its foundation in the early 600s. Certain cultural traditions associated with the religion and former rulers also carry over, as they do for much of the Islamic-majority Middle East. However, governmental policies on such religious philosophies as the necessity of hijabs for women differ nation-by-nation. Jobs, agriculture, entertainment, and even education all lend heavily on the same source material and as a result, also correlate between Iraq and Iran.   Both are also large producers of crude oil with oil reserves in Iran totaling over 136 billion barrels and Iraq having more than 115 billion barrels itself, which constitute a large portion of their exports and provide the unwanted source of political turmoil in the region as a result of foreign greed and power. The Importance of Differentiating Iraq and Iran are separate nations with unique histories. Although they are both located in the Middle East with predominantly Muslim populations, their governments and cultures differ, making for two unique nations, each on their way to independence, peace, and prosperity. Its important to understand the differences between them, especially considering that Iraq has only recently stabilized as a nation after the 2003 U.S. invasion and occupation. And, both Iraq and Iran have become major players in the continued conflicts in the Middle East. Additionally, its important to realize that the best way to differentiate Iran and Iraq and truly understand the complex issues surrounding current Middle Eastern power struggles is to look back, study these nations histories, and determine what the ideal way forward might be for their people and governments. Only with these nations pasts in mind can we truly understand their way forward.

Enterprise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Enterprise - Essay Example The success results from competitive advantage resulting from Enterprise 2.0 usage. The marketplace imperative to access the right information and people at the exact time has resulted in an enhanced interest in building a next-generation enterprise place of work setting where users carry out daily trade activities. Such a workplace necessitates for Enterprise 2.0 technologies and usage pattern to transition the workplace to an internet powered, which is user centered, as well as community centered. Web technologies have sites that form collective fabric tying people, processes and systems together. As such, Enterprise 2.0 technology can be used both as a resource and as a capability by an organization to give rise to competitive advantage (Taprial & Kanwar, 2012). Organizations can use social media platform to their advantage through what is referred to as the resource based view of the firm (RBVF). The resource-based view of the firm holds that firms possess resources that enable t hem achieve a competitive merit. In turn, the attained competitive merit results in excellent long term performance. Resources that are precious and rare may result in the creation of competitive merit, which can be continued for longer times periods if the business will be able to safeguard against resource imitation. Firms may use web 2.0 resources to make their resources and capabilities valuable, rare, imperfectly imitable and non substitutable (Westner, 2009). Web technologies will be valuable if they help a firm to put in place strategies than enhance efficiency and effectiveness. Priceless organizational resources owned by many rival firms cannot be sources of a competitive merit. Therefore, a firm should adopt web technology in an agile manner to ensure that its capabilities and resources will be rare, eventually resulting in a sustainable competitive advantage. In addition, the resources and capabilities should not be imitable and substitutable. Modern businesses face a wor ld of changing technologies, increased global competition and dealing with enlightened customers. Customers precisely know what they want, and use the web to look for every detail of their product of choice. This calls for businesses to use the fresh wave of enterprise 2.0 technology to act swiftly to optimize reaction to market opportunities to gain a competitive edge (Qualman, 2012). Web technologies in social media can be utilized as a resource for increased interaction between a corporation’s different stakeholders. The use of web 2.0 technologies can be used as a resource for driving revenue. Companies are looking for ways to enhance their efficacy in their innovation programs in a bid to gain essential competitive differentiation. This has come about as a result of a worldwide marketplace pattern of increasing rivalry and adding new competitive elements and means of conducting business online. It is worth noting that contemporary businesses will not succeed only by cutt ing costs and doing usual business activities day in day out. For instance, South West Airlines use social media to give information of flights, and notify customers on any flight changes. South West Airlines uses social sites like Facebook to build relations with the public, and this presents a potential to gain new

Bobbitt and Today's Goals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Bobbitt and Today's Goals - Essay Example Today, output maximization and cost minimization have been factored in other numerous goals to be achieved. In other words, cost and output are not the only concerns when it comes to achievement of goals. A fundamental aspect of social and economic welfare has been introduced in the contemporary times. This is due to the fact that output can be maximized and cost minimized (Flinders & Thornton, 2004) without any effect on the social and economic welfare. Therefore, social and economic welfare has become a contemporary primary goal, with cost and output concerns acting as aiding tools to the realization of the underlying goal. Educational institutions should critically position work of adults in their programs. Mirroring work of adults would critically establish a rich ground for the stakeholders involved to infer, relate information, and undertake studies across variant sources for diversified knowledge. The idea is to enhance the quality of programs and systems run by educational institutions for the benefit of all stakeholders on board. Work of adults, therefore, could be one of the core pillars of educational

Discuss the values and attitudes of Chouinard and the Patagonia Essay

Discuss the values and attitudes of Chouinard and the Patagonia company and how the company's perfomance is being affected - Essay Example However, Yvon Chouinard looks at it differently. He is a green business premier. Casey (2007, p. 1) looks at the case of green business in through the works of Yvon Chouinard and probed how he became so influential. His secret to success is putting Earth first, questioning growth, ignoring fashion, making goods that don't break or wear out, telling customers to buy less, discontinuing his own profitable products and giving away part of his earnings. Chouinard's intention was to prove that business can make a profit without losing its soul. Refinements of the traditional way of manufacturing clothes are constantly done in Patagonia. His aim is to develop a sustainable initiative which practically shows in how he initiates change continually in their products. Whatever Chouinard thinks is better, they experiment on it and later on find that they indeed discover something better than the usual. It seems that gambling sometimes proved to be beneficial. Let alone the success and the influence that the company advanced against its competitors. The green agenda's point is not on making money, rather to focus on the right things to do. Let's take the instance of the cotton.

What are the effects of social network sites on the English teenagers Coursework

What are the effects of social network sites on the English teenagers - Coursework Example 172). Social networking has had diverse effects on English teenagers both positive and negative depending on the person examining the effects and on the angle viewed. SNS have led to improved social connections among the teens, which have been fundamental in affecting social skills among them, especially the ones who are shy in interacting in the real world. These sites build the confidence of the teens and affect the interaction skills through the platforms they provide where a person can express his or her opinions freely without any fear. This has been made possible by the options the sites present for self-expression through updating a status, commenting, liking or disliking, joining a relevant group on Facebook and tweeting on Twitter among others. The youngsters then apply the social skills gained from the social networking in the real world either consciously or unconsciously since the skills become part of their day-to-day social life. In addition, these internet sites have been o f great importance to the teens in making friendships with other teens across the globe and in maintaining their current friendships (Zheng, Burrow and Drew 2010, p.15). As a result, important friendships that have been critical in the teen’s adult life have been created which could not be possible if these social interaction tools did not exist. Social Network sites have enabled the English teenagers to have a cheap and readily available access to a wide range of information on various issues, which affect them in their various activities. This has been possible since the sites provide their users with access to millions of people from the different parts of the world that are well knowledgeable and specialized in different fields. The teens therefore depending on their interests, likes, ambitions and passion choose the kind of people whom they are interested in and start learning from them through the various tools the SNS present. Research shows that