Monetary Control Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Monetary Control - Coursework Example It is very interesting to note that a bank losses money when a loan is repaid. The currency is destroyed and disappears from the economy entirely. Open Market Operations are one of the primary tools that the Federal Reserve employs to accomplish its monetary policy objectives (Axilrod, n.d.). They entail the acquiring and selling of government securities. The Federal Reserve has no power to choose whom it engages in business activities. The primary dealers operate on a price basis to gain access to the open market operations. Open Market Operations facilitate the Federal Reserve to influence the supply the reserve balances in the banking system. The effect is on short-term interest rates to spread to other monetary policy targets (Axilrod, n.d.). Open Market Operations allow central banks the flexibility to manage the volume of financial operations on their initiative. The domestic trading desk of the Federal Bank of New York under the supervision of the Federal Open Market Committee conducts open market transactions (Axilrod, n.d.). The federal funds rate does respond to changes in demand for and supply of the reserves in the banking system. It, therefore, shows a good sign of the existence of credit in an

The subject is in HRD Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The subject is in HRD - Essay Example Previously, human resources have not given importance to how companies assess the effectiveness of trainings and what the employees’ attitude towards training effectiveness is (Santos and Stuart, 2003). It is necessary to ensure that every training proves to be effective because of the high level of investment involved. To make sure that training is effective, it is also important to adopt a systematic approach to training that would include various phases such as identifying training needs, planning, delivery and evaluation (Keep, 1989). As Marching and Wilkinson put it, the evaluation of training is one of the most critical stages in the training process. The results of the evaluation are important because it can help in understanding the missing links and improving the program. For the employees, training would work to be effective only if it provides a high level of motivation, increased potential to perform their role and positivity towards their work (Wexley and Latham, 1991). The attitudes towards training get influenced by various factors, such as experience of previous trainings, reputation of the trainer, the effectiveness of the session, the content of the training, the style of training and so on. All these factors, in turn influence the trainees’ perspectives about the evaluation of training (Rigg, 1989). According to Noe, ‘the attitudes, interests, values, and expectations of trainees may attenuate or enhance the effectiveness of training’ (Noe, 1986). Hence, it is often a tough task to estimate the effectiveness of training from the perspective of employee attitude. The challenge is even higher when the trainees possess very different attitudes because of either cultural differences or geographical differences. As the employees would belong to diverse groups, their approach towards training would differ considerably. This study aims to explore the attitude that the employees have with regard to training and its effectiv eness, and how it varies in India and in the United Kingdom. This would help in understanding how the cultural as well as geographical backgrounds shape up the employee attitude with regard to training, as that will help to make the training programs customized and suitable for different groups of employees. The main parameters that would be considered in this study to see the employee attitude towards training effectiveness would be reaction to the training modules, the learning environment, noticeable behaviour change in the trainees and employee perceived training outcomes. Training for improvement job ability One of the key reasons why training is necessary is that it improves an individual’s capacity to perform his or her work more efficiently. In some cases, training empowers a person to develop the ability to perform the concerned work. While the criticality of this factor is understood worldwide, there is a significant difference in attitude in the way in which employ ees in the UK and employees in India perceive this. For example, according to Whitelock (2003), the employees of UK’s largest retail chain Tesco look at training from a very open perspective and consider it important as it helps to improve and do well in the long term. For them, training is not just a session to gather skills; instead, it

Carbon dioxide Essay Example for Free

Carbon dioxide Essay Do not write outside the box around each page or on blank pages. ? Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked. Information The marks for questions are shown in brackets. ? The maximum mark for this paper is 45. ? You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate. ? You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers. ? Advice ? In all calculations, show clearly how you work out your answer. (Jan12CHy1H01) K76507 6/6/6 CHY1H 2 Answer all questions in the spaces provided. Do not write outside the box 1 Petroleum diesel is a fuel made from crude oil. Biodiesel is a fuel made from vegetable oils. To make biodiesel, large areas of land are needed to grow crops from which the vegetable oils are extracted. Large areas of forest are cleared by burning the trees to provide more land for growing these crops. Leave as forest Forest Produce food Burn the trees Grow crops Produce biodiesel 1 (a) 1 (a) (i) Use this information and your knowledge and understanding to answer these questions. Carbon neutral means that there is no increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

Causes Of Animal Extinction Biology Essay

Causes Of Animal Extinction Biology Essay Abstract: This essay discusses about the causes of animal extinction. Animals are sidestepped as we tend to focus more on something that happens to our brethren. However, we also forget that what happen to our species, the human beings, it affects the animals and plants more, as they dont have the ability to think and manipulate the environment as skilfully as we do. Habitat destruction, uncontrolled hunting and trading spreading of diseases, and drastically changing climates are among the prominent causes of animal extinction. We are exposed to what animals are endangered, we are exposed to how we can conserve them, but we have yet to be exposed to what causes the extinctions, which will roll the ball for further research on how to prevent them. This would be useful, as prevention is always better than cure. Animals are part of our ecosystem, not only they contribute to the ecosystem and help to balance the ecosystem, they also have many uses in our daily lives, as the source of nutrition, researches, pets and trading. But due to humans greediness, selfishness and also expand in populations, caused the population of the animals to decrease up to the point that they are in danger and eventually disappear from the surface of Earth like Dodo bird and Tasmanian Tiger. Yet, this issue is ignored or sidestepped as we care more of what affect us directly, when we should know that sooner or later, as part of the mammal species, these phenomena will also happen to us. Habitat fragmentation, destruction or loss, unsustainable hunting and wildlife trade, global warming and disease are the factors that lead to animal extinction. Based on AZEs  [1]  calculation, endangered species under their observation consist of amphibians (408), birds (217), mammals (131), and reptiles (15). This could be referred to Figure 1  [2]  . Figure Habitat Fragmentation One of the main factor of animal extinction is habitat fragmentation, loss or in another word habitat loss. Research had been carried out by Bancroft and Turchin in year 2003, using a series of experiment with grain beetles, Oryzaephilus surinamensis proved that 6% out of 247 populations went extinction  [3]  when they carried out the experiment on the relationship between habitat fragmentation and decreasing food abundance  [4]  and the result shown that these grain beetles went to extinction due to low food supplies. This result gives a suggestion that habitat quality is more important than the habitat size itself. Not only are that, another study that was carried out by Warren, another researcher, who does research on 13 types of protists in 1996  [5]  by applying three levels of habitat destruction of microcosm. As the result, the population of the surviving species greatly declined due to the rising in habitat destruction. As we know, Tropical Rainforest  [6]  co nsisted of many precious trees that used as the materials in industrial purpose. Not only for industrial uses, but also as the habitat for variety of species. Due to the huge demand by various parties, more trees had to be cut down to satisfy the demand of the parties. As the result, that inhabitants population begin to decrease as theres not enough place to live and hunt. If this is prolonged, the animals species will go extinct. Unsustainable Hunting and Wildlife Trade Another factor that contributes to animal extinction is unsustainable hunting and wildlife trade. This happened in many countries across the world. Many animals were hunted to extinction when the aboriginal Europeans, Americans and Australians developed the effective hunting technology  [7]  . One such animals were hunted to extinction by this is the Dodo birds. Certain bird such as the Eskimo curlew went extinct when they were relentlessly hunted by the market gunners during their migration. Some animals were caught for pet trade such as orang utan. These animals are considered exotic and were sold to the people that are interested in this kind of wildlife animal and were willing to pay for it. In one of the most outrageous cases of simultaneous drug and wildlife smuggling which occurred at Miami Airport in 1993, 312 boa constrictors that arrived from Colombia were found carrying inside them 39 kilos of cocaine. All of the snakes eventually died  [8]  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Shows t hat wildlife not only kept as pet but also for drug trading purpose. Animal such as leopards, jaguar and Guadalupe fur seal were highly favoured for their beautiful furs was hunted to get their pelts and the same goes to tigers where poacher killed them for their body parts which are used in traditional medicine and aphrodisiacs  [9]  . Not only tiger was hunted for this purpose, but rhinoceros and elephants too, were hunted for their tusks. All these items were sold for high price in black market. Commercial whaling for their meat and oils  [10]  had threatened the most of the Baleen whale and several toothed whales species in the world. Whales meat is popular among the Japanese and its one of their favourite dishes, thus in order to meet the demands in Japan, every year whales was hunted during whaling season. Primates are often captured for research purpose especially in well developed country. They are trade to the biomedical lab with certain price and this biomedical la b will use them as research in finding cure for certain disease. An example of primates that often used in this field is chimpanzees. Even though they are not yet extinct, but they are classified as the endangered species because they are not only used in research but also become the target of the bushmeat hunter. Global Warming The third factor would be global warming. Mother Earth and its residence depend on the seasons for their routines and timings. Mating season, migration, all of it due to the weather. With global warming, the timing of seasons is changing. Some are longer than expected, some are shorter than hoped. This bungled the biological clock of animals that are already accustomed to instinct-based timing and activities. While it seems nothing to us humans, it is consequential towards animals and plants. Migration accelerates.( will expand later) Dehydration, combined with the rapidly vanquishing habitats, causes certain species to vanish.(will expand later) Stuart Pimm, an expert in extinctions and biodiversity at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina stated that species living in the ecological sites are more vulnerable, as they dont have much choices of places to migrate to when the temperate changes  [11]  . It is interesting to note that not as expected, the animals living at the polar (North Pole and South Pole) is not as vulnerable as the animals living in other climates, though the poles have experienced seen differences. That is because of the scarce geographical places the endangered species can run to is smaller than them. Dangerously, not only animals in endangered spots that are facing the fatalities. According to biologist Terry Root, of Stanford Universitys Center for Environmental Science and Policy, many species are striving to hold on to their current locations.  [12]   Disease There are two groups of diseases: natural occurrence, which is formed since a very long time and unpreventable, and the other one would be human-induced or mutated. Both would give dire consequences on the species affected, especially in masses. Among the example of human-induced diseases are effects of insecticides. Insecticides are regarded as a low-level dangerous substance, as they tend to prevent high crops loss. However, it also forced pests and infections to evolve. Once evolve, we would need a higher dose of insecticides. In the end, the effects of insecticides in plants will affect the animals that eat them too. Besides that, there are effects that happen not to the animal directly, but towards the next generation. A hen may lay eggs with thinner and fragile eggshells. This, while seem minor, could actually cause a higher risk of survival. In the long run, extinction would not be far in the future of the species. This really did happen. One insecticide, DDT, caused the eagle and peregrine to produce eggs with fragile eggshells, causing the eggs to break when the mother sit on them  [13]  . How can they be incubated without the mother warming the eggs? How can the mother incubate the eggs without sitting on them, yet when it sits, they will break? These are among the complexities that we dont comprehend or didnt put into the equation when we create the insecticide. Too much protection would also be unhealthy. When a species is protected from risks and diseases up to a paranoid level, it causes them to have lower and lower immunity to their offspring. This causes them to be weak and unable to sustain injuries and total fatalities if they ever catch any infections. Lastly under the factor of diseases, are the effects of genetic evolution. While it was not the total annihilation of species, it is still, in a sense, the cause of species extinction, happening due to the chances of survival with the enhanced or reduced ability. Perhaps a smaller or robust body is better adapting during this period of time, whereas speed and agility is more vital during the past. This theory applies to the birds, where during prehistoric times; birds have wider scales of bones while they have smaller lighter body now. Habitat, food consumption, and brain metabolism, all contribute towards genetic evolution, causes the extinction of the older type of species in exchange for a better, new species. Conclusion Thus, it is supported that the evidently seen causes are habitat loss, unsustainable hunting and trading of wildlife, global warming, and finally, infectious diseases. Two of it in which we contributed a lot in making it much worse, and two of the latter in which we have taken part albeit indirectly. Although a little out-dated, this research still hold a whole lot of truth. It is hard to fund more of these kind of research, as we humans are more interested in studying further of subjects that brings more material benefits instead of invisible threats. We are keener on studying on the psychology of potential customers, convenient products, and less consumption of resources. These researches are conducted with good intentions, but obsession of a narrow topic makes us putting a blind eye over other things that matter too, namely, other creatures co-existing with us. Some of the references here were spoken on 2006. Now, its 2011. In the span of 5 years, how much have we lose, can you imagine?

The Midwife :: essays research papers

The Midwife’s Apprentice is written by Karen Cushman. The setting takes place in the past nearly five hundred years ago from now. It is also a fiction book   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alyce formerly known as Beetle or Dung Beetle has found a home in a village with a Midwife who feeds her only morsels of what hard work she does. But before that the tale of how she was found must be told.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Beetle found herself snug as a bug in a dung heap. She slept for warmth, completely dismissing the horrid smell of it. Then a sharp question asked â€Å"You girl. Are you alive or dead?† she promptly opened her eyes and was taken in after tell the woman she could do hard work and not eat much. So that’s how she ended up as where she is.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Well the midwife didn’t really treat her as an apprentice for she spoke unkindly and forbid that Alyce would ever see what she was helping women do. But Alyce did! And how horrible it was, the Midwife would scream, curse and slap the poor women until they could take no more and push out the baby.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Once the midwife was not there and Alyce had to help the woman with the baby. She told the husband to brew whatever was needed to help her. Then she began talking to her softly and soothing her till the baby came out into the world when it was almost certain that it would not make it. When the midwife got there she was thoroughly mad. The husband of the wife said Alyce was more kind and efficient and that the midwife was no good.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the end she fled to a small inn near the village where she saved another baby. The Midwife :: essays research papers The Midwife’s Apprentice is written by Karen Cushman. The setting takes place in the past nearly five hundred years ago from now. It is also a fiction book   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alyce formerly known as Beetle or Dung Beetle has found a home in a village with a Midwife who feeds her only morsels of what hard work she does. But before that the tale of how she was found must be told.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Beetle found herself snug as a bug in a dung heap. She slept for warmth, completely dismissing the horrid smell of it. Then a sharp question asked â€Å"You girl. Are you alive or dead?† she promptly opened her eyes and was taken in after tell the woman she could do hard work and not eat much. So that’s how she ended up as where she is.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Well the midwife didn’t really treat her as an apprentice for she spoke unkindly and forbid that Alyce would ever see what she was helping women do. But Alyce did! And how horrible it was, the Midwife would scream, curse and slap the poor women until they could take no more and push out the baby.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Once the midwife was not there and Alyce had to help the woman with the baby. She told the husband to brew whatever was needed to help her. Then she began talking to her softly and soothing her till the baby came out into the world when it was almost certain that it would not make it. When the midwife got there she was thoroughly mad. The husband of the wife said Alyce was more kind and efficient and that the midwife was no good.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the end she fled to a small inn near the village where she saved another baby.

To what extent and in what ways are people ?fixed? and ?open to change?

Charles Darwin was not only a pioneer in evolutionary psychology, also today’s theories of modern lifespan development draw on and are influenced by Darwin’s ideas. His functionalist perspective primarily focused on the reason for development of specific human characteristics over many generations, and therefore an enormously long timescale. However, inspired by the observations in the development his own son, Darwin also acknowledged that â€Å"an individual is the result of a gradual sequence of prior changes, both in a broad evolutionary sense and within individual’s own lifetime and further development and changes lies ahead† (Cooper and Roth, p.50, 2003). This notion provided the basis for other researchers to further explore the development of humans over a lifetime period. The human lifespan development can be explored in many different ways, e.g. in terms of biological maturity of the body from a new-born to a physically fully-grown adult, physical deterioration in later stages of live and how that effects people psychologically. Individual physiological and psychological characteristics are potential factors that have different impact on each individual, they therefore are considered as â€Å"internal influences† (Cooper and Roth, p.5, 2003). The development of cognitive abilities, specific historical circumstances or the social and cultural environments of each person present â€Å"external influences† (Cooper and Roth, p.5, 2003). It has to be noted that both internal and external factors can influence each other. We therefore we have to look at these transactions rather than just taking single factors into consideration. Initially, researchers considered the observation of children as a very instructive means in investigating at what point of time certain changes in human behaviour evolve. Through identifying a pattern of changes that take place in the development of a new born into a fully grown adult, researches developed the organismic approach. They believed that in order to achieve adulthood, people go through different phases and that a later stage incorporates and expands on the experiences from an earlier stage in life (â€Å"stage theory†). While adulthood was considered as the end-stage, external factors were identified as potential causes for a delay, acceleration or slowing-down in certain stages of development, but it was suggested that the pat... ... we can consciously change, e.g. getting rid of what we sometimes define as â€Å"bad habits†, or unconsciously after powerful, sometimes traumatic life-events. Human development therefore should be seen as the complex construct of â€Å"interactions between age-related factors, historical factors and random environmental occurrences that only relate to one individual† (Cooper and Roth, p.59, 2003). While early experiences in life might predict certain characteristics that define each individual throughout his/her life, life events and experiences are considered to be major factors that can enhance and undoubtedly change these characteristics. Human development over a lifetime can be seen as a constant journey, with many possible routes, turns, cross-points and sometimes dead-ends. We, as the drivers of the vehicle that takes us through our own individual journey can often chose which road we want to take out of all routes available. Sometimes our choices are limited, but the end point of our journey is the end of our lives, rather then the achievement of adulthood. References: Cooper, T. and Roth, I. (eds) (2003) Challenging Psychological Issues, Milton Keynes, The Open University.

Othello: the Abnormalities in the Play :: Othello essays

Othello: the Abnormalities in the Play  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   William Shakespeare’s tragic drama Othello boasts quite a little list of abnormalities in both occurrences and personal behavior.    In the volume Shakespeare and Tragedy John Bayley explains how the abnormality of the protagonist’s behavior brings on rejection by the critics:      In our own time more genteel, but also more intellectualized versions of Rymer’s disfavour have been voiced by T.S. Eliot and F.R. Leavis, who both consider and reject the personality that Othello presents to the outside world, pointing out that he is not so much deceived as a self-deceiver, a man presented by Shakespeare as constitutionally incapable of seeing the truth about himself. So the detached, ironic view of the creator contrasts with the tragical and romantic view taken of himself by the created being. (201)    But Othello is defended by other critics. In her book, Everybody’s Shakespeare: Reflections Chiefly on the Tragedies, Maynard Mack defends the Moor as one who is not necessarily the victim of a psychological deficiency, as some critics maintain:    What should be noticed in particular is that, essentially, Shakespeare invented Iago; set him down in his dramatis personae with the single epithet â€Å"a villain†; and devoted most of the play’s lines and scenes to showing in detail the cunning, malignancy, and cruelty of his nature, including the cowardice of his murder of his wife. It seems to me therefore impossible to believe, as some recent critics would have us do, that the root causes of Othello’s ruin are to be sought in some profound moral or psychological deficiency peculiar to him. (137)    A more obvious example of the irregular appears in the conduct of Iago. The abnormal behavior of the ancient is partly rooted in his misogynism. In â€Å"Historical Differences: Misogyny and Othello† Valerie Wayne implicates Iago in sexism. He is one who is almost incapable of any other perspective on women than a sexist one:    Iago’s worry that he cannot do what Desdemona asks implies that his dispraise of women was candid and easily produced, while the praise requires labour and inspiration from a source beyond himself. His insufficiency is more surprising because elsewhere in the play Iago appears as a master rhetorician, but as Bloch explains, ‘the misogynistic writer uses rhetoric as a means of renouncing it, and, by extension, woman.’ (163)    And how about epilepsy?

Methods of Evangelism

Romans Road shows how a person can be lad to Christ through a series of steps. These steps are all found in the book of Romans, hence the name, Romans Road. It provides a very clear perspective of who needs salvation, why they need salvation, how God provides salvation, how we receive salvation, and the results of salvation. Advantages – It is step-by-step and is very direct on what has happened to Christ, and how we can be with Him for eternity. Disadvantages –Romans Road does not show how to live a life for Christ after a person invites Christ to be their Lord and Savior. Friendship Evangelism Summary of Method – Friendship evangelism is sharing the Word of God with friends who have not accepted him or are not sure that it is the right path to take spiritually. Advantages – When a person wants to use friendship evangelism, they are not talking to total strangers. They are talking to friends that they have made and people that they trust. This allows the m to be themselves when talking about God.Disadvantages – Some people would rather not put their guard down and show some transparency when talking about religion. They might be afraid of rejection from their friends. Door-to-Door Evangelism Summary of Method – Door to door evangelism is going from house to house sharing the good news of Jesus Christ. Morons and Jehovah Witnesses use this method. Advantages- One advantage for this method is that you are talking to people where they are comfortable (at their home). It is a one on one conversation that could be starting a religious revolution in their life.Also, you are reaching out to people who may be at a very vulnerable point in their life, a point where they need Christ. Disadvantages – This method may put your safety in harms way by not knowing who the people are. People may also refuse to listen, may not be home, may rebuke you, and may become hostile with you. Studies and surveys have shown it is not the m ost effective evangelism method. Application of These Methods to Your Own Life What method best suits you? The method that best suits my personality is friendship evangelism.Out of the three methods, friendship evangelism is the easiest for me to relate to. Why is this the best method for you? Friendship evangelism is about sharing the gospel with people that you know. I believe that it is the best method for me because of the people that I am with. I want them to see and be with me in the kingdom of Heaven. I also want them to experience the goodness of God and his grace among them. It is also easier for me to open up to people that I know, people that I can trust, people that I know will respect me and that will still be my friend no tater what I believe in.

Psycho Movie Reveiw

The film Psycho by Alfred Hitchcock is a horror film made in 1960. The film As yecch caused a huge amount of commotion in 1960 when it was released, it was a movie unlike any other that had ever been made, people were outraged and midtown by this movie for many reasons. In the movie Psycho a young female takes a large amount of cash fro m her job and leaves town planning to disappear, she is caught in a heavy rain storm and is f arced off the road and finds the nearest motel, Motel Bates.She finds that Motel Bates is compel tell vacant so she stays the night and has dinner with the owner; Norman Bates, Norman then eaves and she takes a shower and is brutally stabbed to death in her shower by a woman that app ears to be Normal's mother, the rest of the movie is an about finding the girls killer and figuring o UT what happened. The film Psycho has many great literary, dramatic, and cinematic aspects. The movies plot is very interesting and new and keeps viewers interested the whole mov ie e.The movie also uses many great dramatic aspects to keep the viewer in suspense, for example , when the main character is in the shower and we see that the killer is coming but she doesn't expect it. The movie also has many plot twists that a person watching the movie would not expect, such as the ending of the movie. The movie has amazing cinematic effects such as camera a angles that emphasize the scariness or happiness of a certain place, object, or person. Some things about the movie Psycho I noticed could have been a bit better.O en thing noticed was that the effects were a bit subpart, or could have used work. In the e film, the scene hen the main character is being stabbed the blood is so obviously fake and t he acting was not really great, this made it a big downside for me because it made the movie no t seem as real, and I personally like when I feel like movies are real. Also I wish that they would have e left the background of Norman Bates a bit more of a mystery in t he end of the movie, instead of explaining every little detail. I like when movies leave me wondering about so meeting, and this movie just did not do that.Irony Malamute like the movie Psycho a lot, by the ending of the movie I was very happy with he movie. I really liked how the movie used a very realistic scenario, It made the whole movie very relatable, like it could possibly happen to me, or someone I know. I also liked how the movie kept me in suspense through the whole thing, it was a very fun movie to watch h, and a very well put together movie. So the two most important things that led me to really like e this movie were: how I could really identify with the main character of the movie, and how real sticks the movie was.The other key point that made me really like the movie was: how well the vie was put together and how suspenseful it was. In conclusion, really enjoyed the movie psycho. There were many great asps acts of the movie that liked. The movie also had its faults. There were a few things AIBO t the movie that I didn't like, like how unrealistic the effects were, and some scenes the acting w assn that great. The movie Psycho did have a lot of great things too, and overall I really liked the m vie. Would give the film psycho by Hitchcock a 4. 5 out of 5 for a rating because it was a great movie, but it wasn't flawless.

Police Officers Discretion Essay

Discretion is defined to be an individual’s capabilities and freedom to make responsible preferences and judgments. People working in all fields require making decisions in every day life; however, some need to be more proficient at it. Police officers usually fine themselves in chaotic and critical situations, where their decision can change the entire scenario. The most appropriate decision within the legal boundaries must be made, varying from situation to situation. Discretion is broadly characterized as five different subjects – discretion by judgment (sense of bending rules in legally appropriate ways to fit the situation), discretion as choice (to show courage and give personal contribution to form decisions as the authority in that situation), discretion by discernment (to be diplomatic, tolerant, considerate and cautious and not very generous while making decisions), discretion as liberty (to not be restricted by the law and stretch boundaries of freedom as long as it is acceptable) and lastly discretion as license (basically the permission to act there and then in whichever way thought to be appropriate without the permission of the superiors). There are some police officers who abuse their right of discretion; they believe that they are unaccountable and since they are the authority at the point of chaos, they can do as they will. Having the right of discretion does not mean that an officer can make whatever decisions that they will; they are restricted by professional, society, legal and ethical norms (Sullivan, 1972). The officers these days have just the right capacity of discretion. The only major areas that they use discretion in are domestic violence, drunk driving, mental illness, hate crime, use of force and even vice crime. These are the areas where the personal opinion and judgment of the police officers matters while arresting or giving punishments. In the rest of the important and critical areas such as rape, murder, dacoits and robberies; they have to abide by the law whether they personally approve of it or not. Only easy and fields of everyday crime are left up to the intellect of these officers. Since, there are only some areas where officers are given the right to exercise discretion, it is easy to conclude that the officers are neither given too much or too less of power. Giving them the right to decide is rational because they have been selected as officers and have been given good enough training, which gives them the sense of making correct decisions. These officers make up the entire police force, thus, their opinion should also matter – however, to only some extent. The problems that these police officers face while enforcing laws and giving verdicts is that there are hardly any fields involved in the police forces that are uncontroversial; usually, everybody has a different stance on things. Also, there is a problem is public confidence – the public is too unpredictable to please (Walker, 1993). They desire accountability but nothing seems to satisfy them; also, they wish for strict enforcement in only those areas that they are not related to, that is, they want leverage for themselves but not others. This controversial and unpredictable attitude makes it difficult for the police offers to come up with the right solution that will make everybody happy. I have witnessed one such event myself where differing opinions lead to confusion. A mentally disabled boy of around seventeen became a source of disturbance to other boys playing cricket. One of them was violent and hit the mentally disabled boy out of frustration, who hit the boy back causing him to bleed. Surprisingly, a police car was passing from there at that instant and stopped to check the situation. Everybody demanded that the mentally disabled boy should be punished for his act as he often becomes a cause of nuisance in the neighborhood. The police officer was by nature sympathetic and was of the opinion that the mentally ill boy should be let go of as he is underprivileged and does not possess the ability of making sensible decisions. Here, in this chaotic situation, even when the public was against the officer’s decision, he used his power of discretion and made an appropriate decision according to his judgment instantly. This shows that the right of discretion is extremely important for an officer to deal with everyday situations. Although, if you look closely, it was not a situation where major or critical decisions need to be made; thus, the police officer without any doubts and fear abided by his opinion – this shows limitation of power of discretion to only some areas.

Collision and Collusion

Collision and Collusion Collision and Collusion Collision and Collusion By Maeve Maddox A philosophical question from a reader prompts this post: I find it very interesting how collision is so close to collusion, considering the strange financial shenanigans that occur in that business [insurance and collision repair].   What is the background of these two words?   Are they actually related in any way? Clearly, the reader has had less fortunate experiences with insurance companies and collision repair centers than I have. The only connection between collision and collusion that I can discern is the prefix col-, which is a rendering of the Latin preposition cum (with). In English words, cum has produced the prefixes com-, con-, and col-. These prefixes convey the idea of â€Å"together, together with, in combination or union.† For example, the noun companion combines com- with panis (bread). A companion is â€Å"a person to eat bread with.† Sharing a meal with someone is often a sign of intimacy. Collision comes from the verb collide (col + laedere). The Latin verb laedere means â€Å"to injure† or â€Å"to damage.† When things collide, they strike or clash together. Collusion comes from the verb collude (col + ludere), The Latin verb ludere means, â€Å"to play.† When people collude, they â€Å"play† together. The kind of play meant here is not the friendly kind. It’s the deceptive activity implied in the expressions â€Å"to play at,† â€Å"to play one false,† and â€Å"to play into someone’s hands.† Collision is â€Å"the violent encounter of a moving body with another.† On the street, a collision usually involves vehicles. In physics, particles collide. Both collision and collide are used figuratively to indicate a clash of wills. The noun collision may also be used attributively (i.e., to modify another noun). Here are examples of usage: Both of the Washington State Patrol troopers injured in collisions Sunday night near Northgate have been released from the hospital. Two Metro-North Railroad trains collided after a derailment near Fairfield, Conn., at the height of the evening rush on Friday. Somalia: What happens when political and humanitarian goals collide? Global Markets and National Politics: Collision Course or Virtuous Circle? Collusion is a secret agreement for purposes of trickery or fraud. In law, collusion is an agreement between two or more parties for the purpose of defrauding others or to gain an unfair market advantage, for example, price-fixing and inside trading. Here are some recent headlines: Big Tech Companies Agree To Pay Up Over Hiring Collusion Shell and BP accused of collusion in South Africa How Hospitals and Health Insurers Collude at Your Expense Business and Government Collude over Education Policy and Funding Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Coordinating vs. Subordinating Conjunctions50 Nautical Terms in General Use20 Movies Based on Shakespeare Plays

Biography of Ralph Waldo Emerson

Biography of Ralph Waldo Emerson Ralph Waldo Emerson was one of the most influential Americans of the 19th century. His writings played a major role in the development of American literature, and his thought impacted political leaders as well as countless ordinary people. Emerson, born into a family of ministers, became known as an unorthodox and controversiall thinker in the late 1830s. His writing and public persona would cast a long shadow over American letters, as he influenced such major American writers as Walt Whitman and Henry David Thoreau. Early Life of Ralph Waldo Emerson Ralph Waldo Emerson was born May 25, 1803. His father was a prominent Boston minister. And though his father died when Emerson was eight years old, Emersons family managed to send him to Boston Latin School and Harvard College. After graduating from Harvard he taught school with his older brother for a time, and eventually decided to become a Unitarian minister. He became the junior pastor at a noted Boston institution, Second Church. Personal Crisis Emerson’s personal life appeared promising, as he fell in love and married Ellen Tucker in 1829. His happiness was short-lived, however, as his young wife died less than two years later. Emerson was emotionally devastated. As his wife was from a wealthy family, Emerson received an inheritance which helped sustain him for the rest of his life. The death of his wife and his plunge into misery led Emerson to have severe doubts about his religious beliefs. He became increasingly disillusioned with the ministry over the next several years and he resigned from his position at the church. He spent most of 1833 touring Europe. In Britain Emerson met with prominent writers, including Thomas Carlyle, which whom he began a lifelong friendship. Emerson Began to Publish and Speak in Public After returning to America, Emerson began to express his changing ideas in written essays. His essay â€Å"Nature,† published in 1836, was noteworthy. It is often cited as the place where central ideas of Transcendentalism were expressed. In the late 1830s Emerson began to make a living as a public speaker. At that time in America, crowds would pay to hear people discuss current events or philosophical topics, and Emerson was soon a popular orator in New England. Over the course of his life his speaking fees would be a major portion of his income. The Transcendentalist Movement Because Emerson is so closely linked to the Transcendentalists, it is often believed that he was the founder of Transcendentalism. He was not, as other New England thinkers and writers actually came together, calling themselves Transcendentalists, in the years before he published â€Å"Nature.† Yet Emerson’s prominence, and his growing public profile, made him the most famous of the Transcendentalist writers. Emerson Broke with Tradition In 1837, a class at Harvard Divinity School invited Emerson to speak. He delivered an address titled â€Å"The American Scholar† which was well-received. It was hailed as â€Å"our intellectual Declaration of Independence† by Oliver Wendell Holmes, a student who would go on to be a prominent essayist. The following year the graduating class at the Divinity School invited Emerson to give the commencement address. Emerson, speaking to a fairly small group of people on July 15, 1838, ignited a huge controversy. He delivered an address advocating Transcendentalist ideas such as love of nature and self-reliance. The faculty and clergy considered Emerson’s address to be somewhat radical and a calculated insult. He was not invited back to speak at Harvard for decades. Emerson Was Known as The Sage of Concord Emerson married his second wife, Lidian, in 1835, and they settled in Concord, Massachusetts. In Concord Emerson found a peaceful place to live and write, and a literary community sprang up around him. Other writers associated with Concord in the 1840s included Nathaniel Hawthorne, Henry David Thoreau, and Margaret Fuller. Emerson was sometimes referred to in the newspapers as The Sage of Concord. Ralph Waldo Emerson Was a Literary Influence Emerson published his first book of essay in 1841, and published a second volume in 1844. He continued speaking far and wide, and it’s known that in 1842 he gave an address titled â€Å"The Poet† in New York City. One of the audience members was a young newspaper reporter, Walt Whitman. The future poet was greatly inspired by Emerson’s words. In 1855, when Whitman published his classic book Leaves of Grass, he sent a copy to Emerson, who responded with a warm letter praising Whitman’s poetry. This endorsement from Emerson helped launched Whitman’s career as a poet. Emerson also exerted a major influence over Henry David Thoreau, who was a young Harvard graduate and schoolteacher when Emerson met him in Concord. Emerson sometimes employed Thoreau as a handyman and gardener, and encouraged his young friend to write. Thoreau lived for two years in a cabin he built on a plot of land owned by Emerson, and wrote his classic book, Walden, based on the experience. Involvement in Social Causes Emerson was known for his lofty ideas, but he was also known to get involved in specific social causes. The most notable cause Emerson supported was the abolitionist movement. Emerson spoke out against slavery for years, and even helped runaway slaves get to Canada via the Underground Railroad. Emerson also praised John Brown, the fanatical abolitionist who many perceived as a violent madman. Though Emerson had been fairly apolitical, the conflict over slavery led him to the new Republican Party, and in the election of 1860 he voted for Abraham Lincoln. When Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation Emerson hailed it as a great day for the United States. Emerson was deeply affected by Lincolns assassination, and considered him a martyr. Emersons Later Years After the Civil War, Emerson continued to travel and give lectures based on his many essays. In California he befriended naturalist John Muir, whom he met in Yosemite Valley. But by the 1870s his health was beginning to fail. He died in Concord on April 27, 1882. He was nearly 79 years old. His death was front-page news. The New York Times published a lengthy obituary of Emerson on the front page. It is impossible to learn about American literature in the 19th century without encountering Ralph Waldo Emerson. His influence was profound, and his essays, especially classics such as Self-Reliance, are still read and discussed more than 160 years after their publication. Sources: Ralph Waldo Emerson.  Encyclopedia of World Biography, Gale, 1998. The Death of Mr. Emerson. New York Times, 28 April 1882. A1.

Political Discontent and the 1848 Revolutions essays

Political Discontent and the 1848 Revolutions essays It has been rightly remarked that the 1848 Revolutions were due to a conjunction of an economic crisis and political discontent.' (Jacques Droz) Discuss with specific reference to two of the following: France, the Austrian Empire, the German States, the Italian states. "Reaching from the Atlantic to Ukraine, from the Baltic to the Mediterranean, the revolutions of 1848 brought millions of people across the European continent into political life". The revolutions of 1848 are sometimes referred to as the "springtime of the peoples" fast forward less than 150 years and Europe was again in the grasp of revolutions this time on the Eastern side of the continent. Even more recently we witnessed a wave of uprisings and revolutions in the Arab world that began in late 2010. Did 1848 set a precedent for future revolutions where one revolution ignites a spark across a wide geographical area? This essay will investigate the claims that it was a combination of economic crisis and political discontent and present a case in support of Jacques Droz's statement. I will view the 1848 revolutions causes from the perspective of France and the Austrian states. It would be very difficult to suggest that revolution would have begun with just economic issues without political dissatisfaction, the two issues run hand in hand and are inextricably interlinked even to this day. In France which had seen its fair share of revolutions in the preceding sixty years it would no doubt be in the revolutionary spotlight as again she was the catalyst for European wide revolt. "France sneezed again, and most of continental Europe caught cold" But what were the reasons why the French deemed that revolution was their only course of action? To understand these reasons we need firstly to look at the impact of economic conditions prior to 1848 in France. Prussian Count Galen wrote in 1847 that "the old year ended in scarcity, the new one opens with starvation. Misery, sp...

Decision Making Process

Decision Making Process Decision making has a key role in determining the success of an organization, given that resources and other important parts of a company are influenced by decisions made. The speed with which decisions can be made is of essence as it directly determines the rate of duty execution thus; it is paramount for decisions to be timely. This has elicited debate as to which strategy of decision making between decentralized or centralized is better for organizations to adopt.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Decision Making Process specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The management of AES for example, is inclined to the decentralized strategy of decision making. Though the organization stresses on four core values that must be followed by everybody, each department has the freedom of choosing which method to use in executing their duties bearing in mind the core values (O’Reilly Pferffer 2000). Human resource department i s not part of the organization’s strategy of decision making instead, employees are supposed to come up with ways of tackling issues in their line of duty. It is the responsibility of the employees to organize for training sessions whenever they are faced with difficult situations or issues that they are not conversant with. Through this, the employees of AES have learned to be responsible for their actions and they feel they are part of the people who will make the organization succeed and therefore, their level of productivity has increased. The strategy helps the organization in adapting fast to the dynamic business world and expedites the decision making process, as well as enhancing common set of values that are followed by each employee (O’Reilly Pfeffer 2000). Centralized decision making strategy does not provide for flexibility incase there are unforeseen changes in the business environment therefore, giving the opponents a competitive advantage in such instan ces. The easiness and speed of decision making that is associated with decentralized decision making strategy allows quick reaction to the dynamics of the business world, and that is what has helped AES to prosper. When people work as a team, the average output of the organization is improved since team members are ready to help each other hence eliminating inefficiency. Decentralized strategy of decision making highly advocates for employees to work as a team hence increasing productivity (Ariunaa 2010). Different individuals have knowledge in different issues therefore, incorporating them in the decision making process ensures that high value decisions are made. On the same note, decentralized decision making strategy allows employees of various departments to use the experience they might have regarding their department or apply the knowledge they have to run and upgrade these sections. This ensures that the latest knowledge is used to run any given department thus, uphosslding e fficiency in production.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In conjunction with that, employees are able to change the way they carry out some duties without necessarily waiting for approval from the top management, which sometimes takes long thus, increasing their efficiency. It should be noted that it is easier for a person to discover his or her area of weakness and change it rather than waiting for the authorities to correct the same (Griffin 2010). Additionally, decentralized strategy makes use of division and specialization of labor which ensures that each employee performs to his or her best thus, taking advantage of wide expertise of the employees. Furthermore, sluggishness of business operations is avoided in decentralized strategy as opposed to centralized strategy where decision making process may take a long duration because the top management has to meet and make decisions. As far as decentralized strategy is concerned, a problem once discovered can easily be managed and normal operations resume without delay because the people who are supposed to make decisions are easily accessed (Griffin 2010). If a mistake occurs in decision making process, the whole system is not broken down if the organization uses decentralized strategy since only one department gets affected, while in centralized strategy the whole process can easily be brought to a halt by a single mistake. On the other hand, decentralized strategy has its setbacks that can sometimes hinder operations if not taken care of. To begin with, given the diverse views that people may have, it sometimes becomes difficult to make these people agree on one idea regarding certain issues and this may annoy those whose ideas do not carry the day therefore reducing their morale at work (Ariunaa 2010). On the same note, it is very easy for the organization to lose focus on the core values if employees are given too much freedom to do what they think is right, because the tendency of getting out of line is high. Therefore, it is advantageous if an organization decentralizes some of the decision making process but centralizes the implementation of the core values and the promotion of organizational culture and mission.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Decision Making Process specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Each department needs some level of freedom to solve its own problems as the people there have the first hand information of what affects them. On top of that, employees feel valued if they are involved in the decision making process and they will increase their efficiency which in turn increases the general output of the company (Griffin 2010). References Ariunaa, L. (2010). Fiscal Federalism and Decentralization in Mongolia. Potsdam: Universittsverlag Potsdam. Griffin, W. R. (2010). Management. St anford: Cengage Learning. O’Reilly, A. C., Pfeffer, J. (2000). Hidden Value. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.

Impact of Environmental Regulations on Industry Essays

Impact of Environmental Regulations on Industry Essays Impact of Environmental Regulations on Industry Essay Impact of Environmental Regulations on Industry Essay | IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS ON INDUSTRY| Individual Project BEng AE3082| | | | PIYUM CHATHURANGA PALLIYAGURUGE K0920258 25/11/2011 | Marked By – Dr Andy Lung Contents Introduction2 Objectives3 Deliverables4 Literature Review (Findings up to date)5 1. General environmental issues and legislations5 2. Environmental legislations and issues on the manufacturing industry and materials6 3. Aerospace related environmental legislations and issues. 7 Gantt Chart9 Discussion10 Reference11 Bibliography11 Appendix11 Introduction The development of the world around us has been increasing rapidly in many areas during the past years. As a result of the development the human lifestyle has become easier and efficient. Unfortunately these benefits from development have come at a price, the price been environmental pollution. The developing process affects the environmental stability of the world in many different ways such as climate change, global warming and health hazards. With the intention of preventing or minimizing these negative effects, governments and other officials have brought forward many environmental regulations. These regulations have an influence on our daily lifestyle and on how industries operate. The history of environmental regulations in Europe goes back to the 19th century when the industrial revolution took place. In 1972 European officials introduced environmental policies with three main objectives. The main objectives were to prevent and reduce environmental damage, to support environmental stability and to balance the use of natural resources. Since then the environmental policies has been changing and affecting many industries around the globe. Some main industries include the building industry, automotive industry, manufacturing industry and aviation industry. Different industries handle environmental regulations using different approaches and the specific impact on the industry differs from one to another. Although the impact on the industries differ the general out comes by enforcing regulations will remain the same. It is vital to look in to the bigger picture of global environmental protection rather than just concentrating on minor drawbacks which can occurs during the protection process. [EU Environmental Policies,2006] Environmental regulations also have a significant effect on the general public. It is reasonable to state that environmental policies have changed almost every aspect of our lives. Presently more and more people consider been eco-friendly which can be seen from their decision making. There is a direct link between the public and the industries. If the industries introduce more eco-friendly products the public will appreciate them and will consume, the best example for this is the hybrid car. This scenario also works the other way around; if the public insist to have more efficient and eco-friendly products the industry will fulfil their needs. By making this connection stronger it will be easy to restore environmental stability and maintain it with less aggravation. Industries have taken many steps to minimise pollution and to prevent future pollution. This project will look in to the environmental impact on the aviation (aerospace) industry and how it will affect the future of the industry and it will also investigate where the aviation industry stands presently when it comes to environmental regulations. Aviation pollution is highly experienced in and around airports. This is the reason why I selected this specific project. My future plan is to study further on Airport Planning and Management; furthermore my ambition is to work for my country â€Å"Sri Lanka†. Sri Lanka is a developing country which has less experience on the subject of environmental pollution which is another reason for me to select this project. Objectives In order to make the progression of the project easy, the project is carried out in three main stages. This will also help to be on track according to the project plan; these three stages are illustrated as following. Stage 1 – This stage helps to get an idea on what the project is really about and gives an idea what to expect in the future. Stage one mainly involves general broad reading. Objectives for stage one is as follows. * Planning the project * What is environmental pollution about * The history of the regulations established to protect the environment * Critical analysis of environmental regulations * How environmental regulations effect the general public * Environmental regulations and different industries * Future of the regulations * Introductions to aviation and environmental regulations * Any other general reading Stage 2 – The stage two helps to build up own opinions and gain more information on the actual subject. One other main objective in stage two is to think about possible applications for the project. The objectives for stage two is as follows. * Altering the project plan if needed * Regulations on the aviation industry * How the industry act according to the regulations * How different is the aviation industry when compared to other industries * Building up an own opinion on the subject * Possible applications for the project * Report submission (the planning report) Stage 3 – This is the final stage of the project where the possible application is developed based on own opinions of the subject. The reading done in this stage should be more specified on the subject. By doing research it is important to do an in-depth analysis of specific subject data. By stage three the application of the project should be specifying a particular subject, if the application is too general or talks about many issues it will be hard to reach to a conclusion for the project. The objectives for stage three are as follows. * In-depth reading on specified subject area (aviation) Working on one specific application * Coming to a conclusion based on the specified application * Presentation on the project * Report submission (final report) Deliverables General aim of the project was briefly explained earlier in the introduction. If it is to be recapped again, the general aim is to evaluate the impact by environmental legislations on the aerospace industry. For this particular topic there can be many end applications since it is a broad subject area, therefore it is important to narrow the subject matters into a one specified section and continue with the application. By the time the application is completed there will be some deliverables. To explain the deliverables a probable application is used. The application used here might not be exactly the same as the final application of the project since it is only an initial application. Application – Air Traffic (aviation) and environmental legislation What will be looked into? (What will be found out during the project? ) * How airlines operate (in the EU and Global) * Growth of the air transport * What is the impact What is the attitude from the airlines towards the regulations * Environmental damage including the present past and future * What will be the future for the aviation under the regulation * Comparison aviation to other industries (environmental aspects) * Some other points ( manufacture of aircrafts/economy/other related pollutions) * Finally criticizing the analysis with the own opinion Deliverables change according to a selected application. One other possible application that can be use is to look in to the manufacturing of aircrafts, materials used and how waste is treated according to environmental legislations. In order to gain all the mentioned deliverables the project should be at the end of stage three as stated in the objectives. Since this project is still at stage two the deliverables might change as the project progresses. Literature Review (Findings up to date) The initial literature review was done in three categories which are, 1. General (any industry other than aerospace) environmental issues and legislations. 2. Environmental legislations and issue on manufacturing industry and materials. 3. Aerospace related environmental legislations and issues. This way of reading was used to make sure that a broad general knowledge is gained on environmental subjects before stepping in to the specified topic. 1. General environmental issues and legislations History of the environmental policies, legislations and organisations [EU Environmental Policies,2006] As mentioned earlier in the introduction the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) first brought forward official policies in 1973. Up to now 5 major regulation changes were done by the EPA. Changes were done to address current environmental issues which existed during specific times. EPA gatherings during the past years is as following, * 1st EPA 1973 – Made rules to save water, air and soil. Since it was the first EPA many other new rules were established. * 2nd EPA (1977-1981) – Did not publish any new regulation. It was held to review the progress of the first EPA. * 3rd EPA (1982-1986) – Discussion on the impact of environmental legislations and economy. Emission rules and how to effectively get rid of waste. * 4th EPA (1987-1992) – Increasing the general quality of the regulations. Introducing taxing and emission permits. Discussion on waste cycles. Analysing impacts on the economy caused by environmental regulations. Discussion on climate changes. * Last EPA up to date (1997-2003) – Renewal of emission standards. * Nest EPA – climate change, natural resources, recycling etc. A critical analysis of EU environmental legislations [EU Environmental Policies,2006] * Environmental regulations change all the time. * In some cases environmental regulations has an influence on economy. * It has been 30 year from the beginning of the EPA but still they are unable to complete some projects. Natural resource use has been increased and destruction of natural habitats has also increased. * The laws are not effective and regulations are not accessible for the public. The public should be educated more about pollution. Construction industry and environmental impact [Natural Building Technology,2011] * The construction industry induce 7% (from the total) carbon dioxide in the UK. Using of buildings induce 50% carbon dioxide. * Getting rid of the waste is a major issue faced by the construction industry. * Construction industry requires natural resources such as wood. This leads to environmental pollution. Most of the natural resources are taken from China, India and South East Asia, therefore the damage is not directly done to the county where buildings are constructed. Environmental legislation impact on the automotive industry [The Open University,2003] * First emission standards were introduced in 1959 for carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emission. * Most of the world use e mission testing for vehicles. * The regulations are tight on the diesel engine use. * Due to the regulations engine life span is getting less and new designs are introduced frequently. * Regulations has changed customer point of view. They are looking for more efficient engines with less noise for a reasonable price. * Due to the hybrid and electric vehicles the future of the diesel engine is not promising. 2. Environmental legislations and issues on the manufacturing industry and materials Environmental Materials [UK Centre for Materials Education, 2011] * Stages of material usage include extraction, production, product design and disposal. * The subject environmental materials look in to the material structure, chemical and physical properties. Other than that it also looks in to the economical point of view. Picture below shows the lifecycle of a material Diagram 01, Life Cycle Analysis [UK Centre for Materials Education, 2011] The impact of environmental regulations on the UK manufacturing sector [Nottingham University, 2011] * In a country the economy and environmental pollution is not proportional if that country has proper regulations. * Current regulations act as a helping hand towards the development. * S ome regulations are not helping innovation. * More flexible regulations are good for the economy. * UK manufactures always select the short term regulations. * Many companies now use materials with produce less waste. . Aerospace related environmental legislations and issues. Growth of aviation [Professor John Whitelegg ,2000] * Since 2006 the growth has been 30% and it will double by 2020. The growth from 1995 to 2015 is nearly 300%. * Aviation has the highest growth rate of all modern transport methods. * Global revenue passenger kilometres (RPK) increased by a factor of 4. 6 (since 1970-1995). RPK growth for different regions are- North America 27. 5%/Europe 12. 5%/America to Europe 11%/ Asia to America to Europe 12. 7/rest of the world 36. 5%. But by today Asia (china and India) has the highest RPK due to the rapid development. By 2015 310 million passengers will go through UK airports (in 1995 it was 126 million). Noise pollution by aviation[Professor John Whitelegg ,2000] * Th e noise pollution is commonly experienced around the airports. Officials claims that the noise footprint of the UK airports has gone down, but complaints from the public against the new terminal 5 in Heathrow airport proved that claim was wrong. * In Netherland noise pollution by aircrafts is 12%. * UK officials claim that the number of people exposed to noise pollution has rapidly gone down, but Germany had done an investigation on the same matter and came up with a different claim. They stated that there is an increase in the number of people who are exposed. * Noise pollution effects human health in many different ways. Pollution by aircraft emission [Professor John Whitelegg ,2000] * Gasses which pollute the environment – carbon monoxide/ nitrogen oxides/ ozone / particulate matter (PM)/ volatile organic compounds (VOC)/ sulphur dioxide. * UK officials claim that aviation pollution is insignificant, but US data for Zurich and Stockholm airports show that aviation emission pollution is significant in well-defined geographical area. Table below shows the Heathrow airport annual emission data Diagram 02, Heathrow airport annual emission [Professor John Whitelegg ,2000] * Prediction shows that by 2050 carbon dioxide will increase by 588% and nitrogen Oxide by 411%. * Aircraft emission at upper troposphere and lower stratosphere can cause serious climate change problems. Policy measures and management in aviation [Professor John Whitelegg ,2000] * There are fewer regulations for the aviation industry when compared to other industries. * Aviation industry should also follow regulations as other industries do. Current environmental regulations on aviation are out dated. * Aircraft fuel is not under any taxing. * To control pollution it is important to manage the transport demand. * If a new regulation is introduces it should be introduced step by step. All the above mentioned points are from initial literature review. These data are brief descriptions obtained from broad reading. More detailed data are available in the log book. Gantt Chart The time period from 29/09/11 to 25/11/11 represents the stage one and two from the objectives. By the time this report is completed this section will be completed. Stage one and two has only got four slots allocated and it is only a quarter of the total slots available. This shows that the amount of work which has to be done in stage 3 is comparatively high. The time allocation for specified reading, preparation for the final report and project seminar report and poster submission is relatively high. These are very important tasks of the project therefore they are going to consume more time relative to other tasks. The third stage starts on the 26/11/11 and it ends on 26/04/12. Note – A full sized Gantt chart is attached in the appendix. Discussion The initial literature review shows general connections and areas where environment regulations have failed to achieve the required results. The regulations have been there for almost 30 years now but still most of the issues are not completely solved. Greenhouse gas emission has considerably decreased during the past years, but the rate of decline is not that impressive. The natural resource use has also rapidly increased up to a point where the general public can feel the effects of it. It is fair to say that the world is in desperate need of finding alternative sustainable energy methods to survive in the future. There is a hidden truth behind the use of natural resource by developed countries. Most of the developed countries have limited their natural resource use but in order to fulfil their needs, natural resources are imported from other developing countries. This may seem great on the developed countries side but what they do not realise is the fact that negative effects from harvesting natural resources (no matter where it comes from) is going to be global. By going through the data I feel like the environmental regulations has gone easy on the aviation industry when compared to other industries. Best example for this is the fact that automotive emission percentages are declining while aircraft emissions are on the rise. As an excuse for this most officials (mainly in the UK) compares data from 30 years back and claims, there is a drop in emission levels, but what they are not doing is, comparing data with other industries. If the emission is compared with other industries it will be glaringly obvious that more work should be done on aircraft emission standards. One main reason for the slackness towards the environmental regulation on aviation industry is that aircraft traffic only contributes a small percentage towards the total pollution of the planet. But this claim is not that accurate, it doesn’t take in to account the manufacturing process of aircrafts, natural resources used in the process and vehicle emissions due to airport traffic. Emission is not the only environmental problem caused by aviation, noise pollution is another main issue caused by aviation. New research shows that exposition to high noise levels can cause serious damage to people. People who are continually exposed to high noise levels are more likely to gain noise related health issues, due to this fact living near airports can be a prime reason for health hazards. Likewise there are many unsolved problems involving the environmental pollution and aircraft industry. More details regarding issues and practical solutions for the issues will be researched and criticised in the next stage of this project. Furthermore an appropriate application will also be used to narrow the subject in order to make it more specific. Reference * EU Environmental Policies, 2006 – A short history of the policy strategies. [Online ] Available at : eeb. org/publication/chapter-3. pdf Last accessed 20th Oct 2011 * Natural Building Technology, 2011– Environmental Impact. [Online ] Available at : natural-building. co. uk/environmental_impact. html Last accessed 30th Sep 2011 * The Open University, 2003– Environmental legislation as a driver of design. [Online ] Available at : http://oro. open. ac. uk/13233/1/13233. df Last accessed 3th Oct 2011 * UK Centre for Materials Education, 2011– Environmental Materials. [Online ] Available at : materials. ac. uk/guides/environmental. asp Last accessed 24th Oct 2011 * Nottingham University, 2011– The Impact of Environmental Regulations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. [Online ] Available at : nottingham. ac. uk/business/lizrr1_Profrep. pdf Last accessed 26th Oct 2011 * Professor John Whitelegg ,2000– Aviation: the social, economic and environment al impact of flying [Online ] Available at : reco. org/air10. pdf Last accessed 27th Oct 2011 Bibliography * The Economic Impact of Environmental Regulation (Page 1) (http://web. mit. edu/polisci/mpepp/Reports/Econ%20Impact%20Enviro%20Reg. pdf) * Carbon Capture Storage ( scottish-enterprise. com/~/media/SE/Resources/Documents/ABC/Carbon-capture-and-storage-opportunities-for-Scotland. ashx) * Environmental law ( ukela. org/rte. asp? id=14) Appendix

Oxford Dictionaries Word of the Year 2018

Oxford Dictionaries Word of the Year 2018 Oxford Dictionaries Word of the Year 2018 Oxford Dictionaries Word of the Year 2018 By Mark Nichol The Oxford Dictionaries has announced that its Word of the Year for 2018 is toxic, which visitors to its websites searched for not only in isolation but as an element in multiple phrases. Toxic, which derives ultimately from the Greek term toxon, meaning â€Å"arrow,† came to apply to poison delivered on the point of an arrow. In Greek, toxikon meant â€Å"poison arrow,† and later, the Latin word toxicum pertained to poison itself. The primary definition of the adjective toxic is â€Å"poisonous,† though by extension, it has come to mean â€Å"harmful† or â€Å"malicious.† Although several phrases frequently used in searches on the Oxford Dictionaries sites pertain to the literal meaning of toxic- reflecting concerns about pollution- several pertain to the latter senses, including â€Å"toxic culture† and â€Å"toxic environment,† which allude to a physical realm that is unhealthy for ones psychological (and therefore physical) health, such as a company or other organization that tacitly condones sexist or unethical behavior, or a dysfunctional domestic situation. A toxic relationship, meanwhile, is one in which one of the parties is emotionally and/or physically abusive toward the other, and toxic masculinity is the concept of a distorted perception about what it means to be a male in modern society; symptoms of this malady include aggression and excessive competitiveness, as well as sexism and homophobia. Toxicity is the quality of being toxic, and a toxin is a poison; antitoxin is an antidote to poison. The study of poisons, meanwhile is toxicology, and one who studies poisons is a toxicologist. (Toxic- and toxico- are combining forms referring to poisons.) The Oxford Dictionaries also listed other words and phrases that were most frequently entered in search boxes on its websites this year, including a couple that are little known in the United States- and, interestingly, they all are associated, more or less, with toxic behavior. One British English–centric term is cakeism, which alludes to the saying â€Å"You can’t have your cake and eat it, too,† meaning that one should not be greedy or try to have two things that are incompatible. Cakeism, by contrast, suggests that one can or should exploit two alternative opportunities at once. The other is gammon, extrapolated from the term for salted pork leg (which turns pink when cooked) and describing a white person, especially one with a conservative sociopolitical worldview, who develops a florid complexion due to the person becoming emotionally exercised about an issue such as Brexit, the controversial and contested decision by the United Kingdom to withdraw from the European Union. Other terms on the list also reflect current events and reactions to them. The phrase â€Å"big dick energy,† for example, pertains to an outsize confidence that suggests that the person in question (generally, a celebrity) has such an attitude because he is genitally well endowed, though the term is applied to charismatic women, too (and the idea is not to be confused with toxic masculinity, though someone with BDE may be a toxic person). The term gaslighting, referring to psychological manipulation to undermine a person’s confidence or sanity, is inspired by the title and plot device of the 1938 stage play Gas Light and its subsequent film, television, and radio adaptations (the titles of which treated the phrase as a closed compound), in which a man surreptitiously dims the gas-fueled lighting in the home he shares with his wife and then insists to her that the lights are as bright as usual, among other tactics, to drive her insane. Incel is a truncation of the phrase â€Å"involuntary celibate,† describing a man whose difficulty forming healthy relationships with women (or even obtaining dates with them) leads to sexual and emotional frustration that escalates to hostility toward not only women but also the men incels resent for being successful in sexual and romantic pursuits. The term applies especially to virtual communities of men who commiserate with each other in online forums, which, as closed (and therefore toxic) environments, amplify the condition. Orbiting, meanwhile, is when someone no longer communicates directly with another person through social media but still keeps track of that person online; the term, suggesting someone periodically looming over someone else, is a loose synonym for lurking (though lurkers usually leave no trace of their visit) and differs from ghosting- the term for a sudden, complete cessation of contact, generally from someone one has been dating- in that an orbiter leaves evidence of a continuing (and perhaps toxic) interest. The concept of the deleterious effects of excessive numbers of travelers to a vacation destination, including damage to historical sites and the local environment as well as negative impacts on the location’s residents, is called overtourism. Finally, techlash describes negative and hostile attitudes toward large technology companies because of the pervasive influence on society of their products, erosion of privacy for people who use them, and their inability to prevent identify theft. The term is a construction based on backlash, which means â€Å"adverse reaction† (or â€Å"sudden backward movement†), from the notion of a whip or rope inflicting pain or damage as it unexpectedly strikes someone or something when one uses the whip or rope. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:"Because Of" and "Due To" Hyper and HypoWhat’s the Best Way to Refer to a Romantic Partner?

Overview of the Multiperspectivity of Gender Roles Essay

Overview of the Multiperspectivity of Gender Roles - Essay Example George Orwell’s novel, 1984, puts an indecisive light on women’s role. This paper attempts to explore the multi-perspective gender roles evident in Orwell’s novel, as well as delve in the exciting ambiguity of its feminine elements. Sacrificial Women The protagonist’s (Winston Smith) mother repetitively played the universal nature of the feminine gender -- being self-sacrificing. This sacrifice concept is commonly known to start when a woman marries (i.e., submitting herself to the husband, and using the husband’s family name) or upon conception (e.g., eating nutritious food for the baby’s consumption and not for herself). Roazen, in his essay â€Å"Orwell, Freud, and 1984† strengthened the emphasis of this woman’s role through adding the adverb â€Å"ideally† in describing 1984’s women as â€Å"self-sacrificing creatures† (section V, para. 1). Moreover, Winston explicitly expresses this through his own inte rpretation of his dream: â€Å"he could not remember what had happened, but he knew in his dream that in some way, the lives of his mother and sister had been sacrificed to his own† (Orwell 78). ... Winston goes to say, â€Å"...they were down there because he was up here...† (Orwell 77). However, no matter how saintly it sounds, reading the whole novel will expose to the readers, through Orwell’s narrative style and women’s role, how ambivalent and ambiguous women’s gender-role is. Protagonist-Effectual Though characters aside from the antagonist are used to stimulate events and the protagonist, Orwell effectively used the effectual gender-role of women to rise up that usual effectual mode. Smith pointed out the specifics: 1) Winston’s mother (i.e., her memory) â€Å"encouraged him to desire a more liberal society;† 2) his wife, Katherine, intensified Winston’s detestation of the Party; 3) Julia â€Å"triggered† Winston to finally deviate from the loathsome Big Brother and focus his intellectual pursuit to achieve freedom (1). However, one may argue that Winston’s desires, decisions, or actions were mainly the offsp ring of his rebellious nature and the feminine ‘stimulus’ was nothing but inconsequential. Yet, it is more absurd to dispense the catalytic effect the women characters had on Winston. In reality, though every person has the potential to act as such, this potential is not realized until an effective ‘pushing’ factor motivates the person. This holds true in 1984, and to argue otherwise may probably suggest the unrealistic framing of events and the useless tagging of such feminine encounters. Conformist In Orwell’s narrative, there is this evident contrast of feminine conformity and masculine rebellion. For instance, as Orwell detailed Winston’s dislike of women, since they â€Å"were the most bigoted adherents of the Party, the swallowers of slogans, the

Brazil - Individual vs Collective Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Brazil - Individual vs Collective - Assignment Example The Brazilian people also embraced the European cultures and innovations that significantly shaped the local civilization in the country. This has ultimately made the present day Brazil a fusion of different cultures making it complex and distinct. With a population of nearly 190 million people, most of them being whites of Italian, Polish, and Portuguese origin, Brazilians mainly follow the Catholic doctrine. The Portuguese occupation of the country for many years has also influenced the Brazilian official language that is Portuguese, although there are exists a small fraction of natives who speak their languages (Valenà §a, 2006). Brazilians value the family unit and its structure hence families are generally big usually even comprising of extended family members who share a closeness with each other and offer support and any help to one another each time the need arises. Brazilians distinguish each other by class according to how wealthy one is with regard to his or her money flow as well as the person colour. Individuals from darker ethnicities are more disadvantaged in the country. The immense disparities in wage brackets tend to create an enormous gap between the locals leading to a lack of interaction between those from the lower economic scale and the rich or upper-class category. Brazilian women are also usually delegated to lesser paying jobs like nursing and teaching. The people of Brazil are known to be affectionate with women kissing each other's cheeks as a sign of salutation and men shaking hands firmly. Brazilian businesspersons will normally first have an amicable relationship with each other before engaging in business deals that are prone to last a long time because of the fact that they put a lot of weight on the people they are dealing with. They are particularly keen to deal with people and not companies hence the need for a personal acquaintance with business partners.  

The main characteristics of Turkish banking system and its response to Dissertation

The main characteristics of Turkish banking system and its response to recent global financial crisis - Dissertation Example 62 Conclusion 64 Chapter Five 66 Conclusion 66 Table 1 68 Bibliography 71 Can Turkey’s Banking System Act as a Model To Buffer Global Financial Crises? Introduction With the burst of the US property bubble in 2008, mortgage defaults increased astronomically with irreparable harm to global banking sectors and financial institutions worldwide. A number of banks were hard hit by either non-performing loans or complicated financial assets arising under bad loans. As a consequence, actors in the market emerged as cautious which were further exacerbated by doubts about primary financial institutions’ solvency. ... Turkey also does not have an operating mortgage sector like the US has. Turkey’s Central Bank’s macroeconomic policies and measures taking by Turkey’s banks in response to the global financial crisis also contributed to the limited impact of the 2008 global financial crisis of 2008.4 This dissertation conducts a critical analysis of the main characteristics of the Turkish banking system and its response to the recent global financial crisis of 2008-2009. The main purpose is to determine whether or not, Turkey’s banking system represents a model for buffering the effects of global financial crises. This research is justified by the fact that the Turkish banking system faired relatively well during the recent global financial crisis of 2008-2009.5 At the same time, Turkey’s real economy suffered serious damages, thus making Turkey an interesting case study. Thus this dissertation seeks to determine whether or not capital restructuring of financial ins titutions which creates a hard cap against loans and mortgages suppresses economic stimulation elsewhere. Profits during the global financial crisis of the Turkish banking system were impressive compared to that of other countries including developed economies.6 While banks all over the world were collapsing, Turkey’s banks remained stable and registered profits.7 The Turkish banking system’s ability to withstand the 2008-2009 global financial crisis is generally attributed to its regulatory framework and risk protocols.8 The Turkish banking system has learned a lot with respect to responding to economic shocks and risk management following the financial crises of 2000-2001.9 As a result the Turkish banking system devised

Motives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Motives - Essay Example Encouraged and facilitated by government, these schemes are designed for small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and are used primarily - but not exclusively - for export activities. In general, an export grouping scheme provides the opportunity for member companies to spread the initial costs and risks of international market entry, to share information and experiences, and to pool resources to support stronger promotional efforts. Illustrative uses of network schemes are the 'export circles' in Finland which have the requirement that each circle be kept small and that the companies must be noncompetitive and the Joint Action Group (JAG) scheme in Australia which was initiated by the semi-government agency the Australian Trade Commission as a way of improving performance of Australian exporters. One requirement of such groups is that member companies must accept group-determined goals and activities, which is often difficult for smaller companies to do especially when the group comprises competitors (Pieterse, 2004). Two approaches have been used to form groups: (1) supply based, which starts with formation of a group an; then seeks an opportunity, and (2) demand driven, which starts with an international prospect or opportunity and then the group is formed. Also, to becoming parties

Literature review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 6

Literature review - Essay Example In order to identify the relationship between employee satisfaction and its direct influence on employee performance, it is important to establish the levels of motivation, such as payment, promotion and reward, need in development, the level of freedom and stress, understand how employees perceive business environment, in a friendly manner or like a hostile surrounding. The idea of employee’s performance dependence on the level of job satisfaction was followed from the number of theories (Christen, Iyer & Soberman, 2005). Motivation to perform certain tasks is natural while the work itself is fulfilling. Jose and Mampilly (2012) observed employees’ engagement as positive work- related motivational state where they wished to contribute to work assignment that would lead to organizational success. Moreover, they state that in the modern business environment, the best practices are supposed to provide more opportunities for motivation improving through training of additional skills, attitudes and behavior of employees (Jose & Mampilly, 2012). In addition, employees’ motivation to work is supported by investment in staff development, where people see that their skills and abilities facilitate reaching of the organizational objectives. Shahzadi et al (2014) explains employees’ motivation from the point of view of the need tha t helps employees to attain assured targets. It is also procedure of different physiological and psychological wants that stimulates employee’s behavior to obtain certain performance. Motivated employees are more responsive of the definite organizational goals (Shahzadi et al, 2014). Therefore, motivational approach leads to the right organizational direction and successful accomplishments of business practices. It is established (Abadi et al, 2011) that money is the most fundamental factor that motivates employees,

Proofread the text and onctrol for fluency...style and grammar Essay

Proofread the text and onctrol for fluency...style and grammar - Essay Example Subsequently, realism emerged with its more pessimistic accounts with states functioning in self-centred way by seeking power and security. As the heated debate between the two camps evolved, a critical discipline called ‘behaviouralism’ emerged. Its critics assumed that the political inquiry into social phenomenon was solely conducted on the qualitative and normative grounds. Subsequently, it was indispensable to introduce scientific methods to legitimate politics as a science. From this rehabilitative position, behavioralists realized that to codify their study as scientifically valid, they will have to follow a stringent method and to conduct empirical research. Interdisciplinary contacts and remarks between the competing theories resulted in a revision of liberal accounts. This Neoliberalism accepted the neorealist notion that states are important actors in IR, but still acknowledged the relevance of international organizations. As international cooperation from the bipolar point of view accelerated, the emphasis on the international institutions asserted substantial influence on the IR-agenda of many national states. This made institutionalization a more prominent discipline (extracted from Neoliberalism). 2. Intellectual magnates like Hobbes (Leviathan) and Machiavelli (The Prince), who form the realist backbone of the discipline, wrote influential work about ideal relationships within and between states. The liberal touchstones of IR as a discipline, could be attributed to the work of Kant (Perpetual Peace: 1795) and Rousseau, which offered insight on the way liberalism should be practiced. The intellectual history of IR herein actually started with the seventeenth century treaty of Peace of

Transfer personal statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Transfer personal statement - Essay Example I have always had a strong passion towards the technological advancements, especially in the field of aerospace. I was always passionate about my studies since my high school and wanted to achieve high goals but my goals became clear during my college and from there on, I exactly knew what I wanted. Sometimes a minute conversation can make one realize his goal and the same thing happened to me. Aerospace engineering and its related courses have always fascinated me and eventually it has become my dream profession. Moreover, I love dealing with complex situations and I am good in the subjects of mathematics and physics which the basics of any aerospace course. My interest in aerospace engineering was at its height when I got an opportunity to fly a small aero plane as a co pilot. I got this opportunity as a result of being a part of an organization named AIAA. In its meetings, me and my fellow members get together and discuss homework problems plus related issue to aerospace. We also discuss about the latest innovations in the field of aerospace engineering and ways to uplift the technology further. I feel great being a part of this organization as it gives me an opportunity to feel the extent to which technology has advanced. The lectures which I have taken so far have developed my understanding of aerospace engineering greatly. Aerospace engineering is a very important sector of the engineering industry and it holds numerous possibilities of advances in the future. I have a great interest in this discipline and would want to study in NAME OF UNIVERSITY to pursue my dream career in it. Aerospace engineers are responsible for designing, analyzing and installing components that make up an aircraft or spacecrafts, and all these fascinates me to the fullest. The high altitudes and the need for speed plus safety drive me more into this profession. I have gained from my past experiences while attending courses in this

Real Life Experience of an Entrepreneur Through an Open Ended Essay

Real Life Experience of an Entrepreneur Through an Open Ended Interview - Essay Example Moreover, certain learning models as well theories would also be implemented in the process of the entire research. From the conducted interview on the entrepreneur, it has been learnt that there are several aspects that are crucial in starting up a business. An entrepreneur would have to deal with certain unavoidable issues in the commencement of a new business. These issues are quite imperative and have severe impacts on the business. Furthermore, the journey of the entrepreneur is also depicted through the essay. In the reflective analysis part, the application of Schon’s and Kolb’s models have been incorporated to relate the obtained understanding of the scenarios faced by the concerned entrepreneur. Also, the present situation as well as the future aim of the company was also intended to be understood in the essay. Apart from the interview, the personal entrepreneurial development plan is also desired to be portrayed in the research. Time and again, it has been noted that human lives and assets are vulnerable to various types of risks and dangers. The diverse kinds of risks or dangers cannot be predicted and can take place with anybody at any time. In this regard, security of people or assets has become a prime concern. Now-a-days, it has been noted that there are various security agencies that have emerged in due course of time. Among them, A-Star Guard is a well known agency. This company is specialised in proving high level securities services. It has been recognised that the company possesses an efficient team which is strictly professional. It has also been observed that all the members of the company are trained under Security Industry Authority (SIA) and have the capabilities of providing quality security services. The company is accredited under the Approved Contractor Scheme (ACS). It has been learnt that the company is a newly established one but has obtained a highly experienced team of personnel. The security deliverance of the company varies with the

E Business of Qatar Airways Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

E Business of Qatar Airways - Research Paper Example Since by using the internet every organization in the world becomes a local competitor. However, almost every organization now realizes that the internet is a very supportive technology for better-dealing clients and reaching into the global markets (Summers et al., 2003, p.67; Watson et al., 2000; Rao et al., 1998). This paper presents a detailed analysis of the ‘Qatar Airways’ airline company regarding its current and future use of e-business and internet technologies. The basic aim of this research is to provide a deep insight into the presently working web-based business structure and further enhancements in e-business technologies. This paper will also address the basic idea to develop a novel business model and how Qatar Airways can apply an appropriate web-based business strategy to enhance its business. This research will present the idea regarding the implementation of the new web-based/e-commerce technology for the potential enhancement of the business and mark etplace. In addition, this research will cover Qatar Airways present online business technology, its key benefits, functional specification, and implementation steps for the implementation of the new internet and business technology that can enhance the Qatar Airways business support, offer a better competitive edge, support business operations and provide strength for effective handling of the business operations. This business sector I have selected is the web-based platform for airway’s business. Additionally, the business sector I have selected is new in the field of e-commerce business. At present, a lot of airway companies are offering web-based business support, for instance, web-based booking, online payment and other facilities. However, our research is about a bit different e-commerce based business platform for the Qatar Airways Business.