Developing Good Character And Correcting Deviant Behavior...

The Juvenile Justice Court is one of the most important courts of limited jurisdiction in the justice system (Carp, Stidham, Manning, 2012). Developing good character and correcting deviant behavior early in Americas youth is essential to the future generation. According to May and Ruddell (2012), the fist idea of segregating juvenile criminality from adults came about in the early 1800 and in 1899 Chicago was the first city in America to establish a juvenile court. In Georgia, the first child court was established in 1911 in Fulton County, GA and today all counties have one juvenile court to process minors committing delinquent acts or Status offences (Juvenile Justice, n.d.). Georgia juvenile court judges in most cases are appointed by the chief judge of the superior court in the circuit. However, the superior court judges in smaller counties or areas with low populations will preside over juvenile cases without appointing a special jurisdictional justice (Juvenile Justice, n.d.). For instance, where I currently live Judge O. Brent Green appointed by the 1st circuit chief judge is the juvenile jurist in Camden County, GA (Camden County Juvenile Court, n.d.). Children under the age of 17 years fall under the Juvenile Justice System’s authority. Juvenile court has jurisdiction over delinquent acts (would be a criminal act for an adult), status offences, traffic offences and children considered to be abused, neglected or deprived. On the other hand, a 1994 amendment toShow MoreRelatedCase Studies for Management (taken at various books and websites)12036 Words   |  49 Pageshowever, â€Å"criticize the members of the compensation committee for not doing more to inform themselves of the terms of Ovitz’s employment agreement and to become involved in the review and approval process. Questions: 1. What is the process for developing responses and communicating with shareholders? 2. To what degree does the compensation philosophy align with corporate strategy, culture and organizational resources? 3. What are shareholder expectations about your compensation programs and howRead MoreCorrectional Administration Reviewer18383 Words   |  74 Pagesinductive process of observing scientifically analyzing human behavior thru biological influences of the environment as the igniting factors. Physiological/ psychiatric factors- suggest that crimes are the results of physiological imbalances as well as psychiatric maladaptiveness. Crime and social organization stress that crime persists within social organizations because this is the actual social contact of men of different behavior, that to deal and please one another is extremely impossible.Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOrganizational Behavior This page intentionally left blank Organizational Behavior EDITION 15 Stephen P. Robbins —San Diego State University Timothy A. Judge —University of Notre Dame i3iEi35Bj! Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services:Read MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesassessment and preparation solution for courses in Principles of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OFRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesManagement Course: MBA−10 General Management California College for Health Sciences MBA Program McGraw-Hill/Irwin abc McGraw−Hill Primis ISBN: 0−390−58539−4 Text: Effective Behavior in Organizations, Seventh Edition Cohen Harvard Business Review Finance Articles The Power of Management Capital Feigenbaum−Feigenbaum International Management, Sixth Edition Hodgetts−Luthans−Doh Contemporary Management, Fourth Edition Jones−George Driving Shareholder Value Morin−Jarrell LeadershipRead MoreOcd - Symptoms, Causes, Treatment131367 Words   |  526 Pagesreproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher. Printed in the United States of America This book is printed on acid-free paper. Last digit is print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 LIMITED PHOTOCOPY LICENSE The Publisher grants to individual purchasers of this book nonassignable permission to reproduce the appendices of this book. This licenseRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagesis available from the Library of Congress ISBN 0 7506 5938 6 For information on all Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann publications visit our website at http:/ /books.elsevier.com Printed and bound in Italy Working together to grow libraries in developing countries www.elsevier.com | www.bookaid.org | www.sabre.org Contents Preface Overview of the book’s structure 1 Introduction 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Learning objectives The nature of marketing The management process Strategic decisions

The Myth of the Bra Burning Feminists of the Sixties

Who was it who said, â€Å"History is but a fable agreed upon?† Voltaire? Napoleon? It doesn’t really matter (history, in this case, fails us) because at least the sentiment is solid. Telling stories is what we humans do, and in some cases, veracity be damned if the truth isn’t as colorful as what we can make up. Then theres what psychologists call the Rashomon Effect, in which different people experience the same event in contradictory ways. And sometimes, major players conspire to advance one version of an event over the other. Burn, Baby, Burn Take the long-held assumption, found even in some of the most respected history books, that 1960s feminists demonstrated against the patriarchy by burning their bras. Of all the myths surrounding women’s history, bra burning has been one of the most tenacious. Some grew up believing it, never mind that as far as any serious scholar has been able to determine, no early feminist demonstration included a trash can full of flaming lingerie. The Birth of a Rumor The infamous demonstration that gave birth to this rumor was the  1968 protest of the Miss America contest. Bras, girdles, nylons, and other articles of constricting clothing were tossed in a trash can. Maybe the act became conflated with other images of protest that did include lighting things on fire, namely public displays of draft-card burning. But the lead organizer of the protest, Robin Morgan, asserted in a New York Times article the next day that no bras were burned. â€Å"That’s a media myth,† she said, going on to say that any bra-burning was just symbolic. Media Misrepresentation But that didn’t stop one paper, the Atlantic City Press, from crafting the headline â€Å"Bra-burners Blitz Boardwalk,† for one of two articles it published on the protest. That article explicitly stated: â€Å"As the bras, girdles, falsies, curlers, and copies of popular women’s magazines burned in the ‘Freedom Trash Can, the demonstration reached the pinnacle of ridicule when the participants paraded a small lamb wearing a gold banner worded ‘Miss America.† The second story’s writer, Jon Katz,  remembered years later that there was a brief fire in the trash can—but apparently, no one else remembers that fire. And other reporters did not report a fire. Another example of conflating memories? In any case, this certainly was not the wild flames described later by media personalities like Art Buchwald, who wasnt even near Atlantic City at the time of the protest. Whatever the reason, many media commentators, the same ones who renamed the  womens liberation movement  with the condescending term Womens Lib, took up the term and promoted it. Perhaps there were some bra-burnings in imitation of the supposed leading-edge demonstrations that didnt really happen, though so far theres been no documentation of those, either. A Symbolic Act The symbolic act of tossing those clothes into the trash can was meant as a serious critique of the modern beauty culture, of valuing women for their looks instead of their whole self. Going braless felt like a revolutionary act—being comfortable above meeting social expectations. Trivialized in the End Bra-burning quickly became trivialized as silly rather than empowering.  One Illinois legislator was quoted in the 1970s, responding to an  Equal Rights Amendment  lobbyist, calling feminists braless, brainless broads. Perhaps it caught on so quickly as a myth because it made the womens movement look ridiculous and obsessed with trivialities. Focusing on bra burners distracted from the larger issues at hand, like equal pay, child care, and reproductive rights. Finally, since most magazine and newspaper editors and writers were men, it was highly unlikely they would give credence to the issues bra burning represented: unrealistic expectations of female beauty and body image.

Beauty Is The Quality Of Beauty - 985 Words

Greek Philosopher, Plato, once said: â€Å"Beauty lies in the eye of the beholder.† Everyone has different points of view about what beauty is. Some people may perceive beauty as how someone looks on the outside. Others may see beauty as being confident in your own skin. According to dictionary.com, beauty is the quality in a thing or person that gives intense pleasure to the mind. For me, beauty comes in act of kindness, in nature, and smiling faces. Beauty comes in act of kindness. When I was in tenth grade, I got the opportunity to volunteer at a homeless shelter. So, my Saturday mornings became occupied. My job there was to hand out personal hygiene items after the homeless people have finished their meal that was cooked by†¦show more content†¦As I get in the water, I feel the power of the wave pulling me towards it pushing me further and faster away from the sand into the deep water. I got the opportunity to see a dolphin jump out of the water. I took hours look ing at the horizon. As I stayed there look out into the horizon, the sun has almost set just the tip is left to disappear into the water. The sky changed from blue to yellow and orange to pink and purpl. I got to see the sky go from day to night. As I start walking back I took one last glimpse of the sky I could see the bright and high moon. I could see the horizon with moonlight reflection in the water. It is certainly easy to understand why nature is appealing. Beauty is in nature, but it can also be in smiling faces. When I was in high school, I volunteered to make and hand out food to those who were less fortunate. We first stopped at a shelter where people were sitting either watching television, reading the newspaper, or just sitting and talking to a friend. We walked in and put a box of sandwiches on a table, and started to hand them out. The people were very grateful and said thank you with huge smiles on their faces. Watching those people smile, bite into sandwiches, and dr ink their drink warmed my heart. Their smiles made me smile. Knowing that my time was used to make someone’s day more hopeful. I began looking forward to SaturdaysShow MoreRelatedBeauty Is The Quality Of Beauty988 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is Beauty? Greek Philosopher, Plato, once said: â€Å"Beauty lies in the eye of the beholder.† Everyone has different points of view about what beauty is. Some people may perceive beauty as how someone looks on the outside. Others may see beauty as being confident in your own skin. According to dictionary.com, beauty is the quality in a thing or person that gives intense pleasure to the mind. For me, beauty comes in act of kindness, in nature, and smiling faces. Beauty comes inRead MoreQuality Assurance Plan For 4rever Beauty1540 Words   |  7 PagesQuality Objectives: Running head: Quality Assurance 2 This Quality Assurance Plan for 4REVER beauty been created by its Quality Assurance Team leader in order to help improve its services by improving the market presence of its new 5 products-shape up herbal organic tea, sandalwood, ayur body massage oil, size 90 tablets and herbal shampoo. And to inform employees of the company’s current statusRead MoreQuality Assurance Plan For 4rever Beauty1533 Words   |  7 PagesThis Quality Assurance Plan for 4REVER beauty been created by its Quality Assurance Team leader in order to help improve its services by improving the market presence of its new 5 products-shape up herbal organic tea, sandalwood, ayur body massage oil, size 90 tablets and herbal shampoo. And to inform employees of the company’s current status and direction. In order to sustain this growing demand for the products, we have come up with this Quality Assurance Plan that will also include extensionRead Morequality management of client care in the h air beauty sector2344 Words   |  10 PagesQuality Management of client care in the hair and beauty sector Assignment 1 Contents page Introduction 3 Task 1 Describe different quality assurance and inspection processes used within the hair beauty sector. 4 Task 2 Analyse the impact of client satisfaction on a hair/beauty business and explain the importance of meeting client’s expectations. 6 Task 3 How to conduct a client satisfaction survey? 9 Conclusion 11 Appendix 12 ReferencesRead MoreWhat is Beauty? Essay716 Words   |  3 Pages The common clichà © goes â€Å"beauty is in the eye of the beholder.† Is there any real meaning to that? The expression simply means that beauty has no set meaning, definition, or even value for that matter. It is a collectively undecided notion, since its definition lies solely in observation. It also implies that each individual may interpret the idea of beauty (of people, objects, thoughts, etc.) according to his/her own biased, genetic, emotional, cultural, social, and spiritual needs. HavingRead MoreIntroduction on Beauty Salon Business864 Words   |  4 PagesIn the 21st century, beauty and make up are like the wheels of a cart or the two sides of a coin. Women are beautiful in themselves; but a little make-up does help a lot and it keeps one to make the day better and happier. Every woman wants to be pretty whether she’s young or old so the beauty salon is the place to go. Beauty salo ns are also like a temple; however, the difference is that we go to worship in the temple and in the beauty salon we go to be worshipped by the beauticians and by the otherRead MoreWhat is Beauty? Essay704 Words   |  3 PagesWhat is beauty? How do we decide who is attractive and who is not? Society is full of information telling us what is beautiful, but what fact is that information based on? The topic of beauty has been studied, analyzed and controversial for centuries. We all know the feeling you can have when you hear a beautiful song that brings joy to your heart, stand in a field of flowers that excites your eyes, or admire a face that is visually pleasing. As human beings, we are all drawn to beauty, but whatRead MoreDefinition Of Beauty And Beauty884 Words   |  4 PagesDefinition of Beauty There are a lot of things to account for when people think of the word beauty, there is the dictionary definition, physical beauty, inner beauty, and how beauty affects everyone. In today’s society when someone hears the word beauty they most likely think of physical appearance. The word beautiful comes from the word beauty; people use it when they want to describe something that they think is flawless. We all know what beauty is, but we often struggle to find the words toRead MoreBeauty Is in the Eye of the Beholder799 Words   |  4 Pages Beauty has always been a key to unlock many doors, it plays an important role on human relationships. However, the definition of beauty varies from person to person. In this essay, the definition of beauty, the relativity of the understanding of beauty, and the question of wheter beauty is only skin deep or not will be argued. Beauty, according to Merriam-Webster dictionary, means â€Å"The quality or aggregate of qualities in a person or thingRead MoreWhat is Considered Beautiful? Essay836 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is considered beautiful? Why is something beautiful? The nature and definition of beauty has been one of the most hotly debated and controversial themes in philosophy. There are many different theories and perspectives even since the earliest time of history like the Greek philosophers like Plato. Plato believed that there was a universal truth. He claimed that there was a perfect form of beauty which was â€Å"imperfectly manifested in what we call beautiful† (Costandi, 2008). However, he could

Gun Control And The United Kingdom - 952 Words

In 2015, there are have been 312 mass shootings all across the United States. Within the 312 mass shootings there has been 20 school shootings, including the Umpqua Community College shooting that just happened nearly a month ago. Both sides of the political spectrum cannot come with a Bi-partisanship agreement on guns. Even though Congress cannot decide whether or not to in act some type of gun control order what if gun control was not the answer? Gun Control, are a set of laws and policies of transfer, ownership, sale, manufacture, and use of fire arms. The United Kingdom and United States have both very different regulations on arms. The United Kingdom has very strict gun possession laws. Were as the United States is very lenient with obtain a license and a weapon. In their Constitution it states that, â€Å"†¦The right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed.† Gun Control first seemed to be vaguely brought up towards the end of the year of when the Columbine Shooting that happened, recently the Sandy Hook shooting. Mass shootings like the ones we hear about have been around since 1984. In 2012 is when this started getting a lot of media attention and politics started to take notice something should be done to stop these from happening. On one side of the argument you have people who are considerably impacted by these events and believe that guns are seen more as a weapon than anything else. I would consider this to be more of the Liberal views on theShow MoreRelatedThe uses of Firearms by civilians are very dangerous, and its history needs to be studied. Many1700 Words   |  7 Pagesprohibit keeping guns and firearms by individuals, but there are some other countries that continue to keep guns, such as the United States and the United Kingdom. I will focus on the gun culture in the United Kingdom from 1689 to 1997. Because the Unite King start allowing individual keeping guns by Bill of Rights in 1689, the 1689 Bill of Right guaranteed British subject certain rights. People consider that it was a manifestation of their right and freedom, but after some guns accidents that madeRead MoreGun Control And The Constitution Of The Nation1509 Words   |  7 PagesWayne LaPierre, a gun rights advocate and executive vice president of the National Rifle Association, said, â€Å"The only thing that stops a bad guy with a gun is a good guy with a gun.† Gun control is laws that regulate the sale and possession of firearms. These laws have become a more prominent discussion due to crime, and they attempt to reduce violence. Many countries have some sort of gun control, but the United States have different rules for each state. The United Kingdom have some of the strictestRead MoreGun Violence And Gun Control : The Right To The Second Amendment1668 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States Constitution was constructed from a set of rules, also known as amendments. These were written with the intention of securing the basic rights of all United States citizens. It usually serves as an outline for the laws of the land by dictating the powers of the people and what is acceptable under the watch of the United States government. The history behind these amendments began in 1789 when it was proposed and dr afted by James Madison. It was adopted on December 15, 1791, as partRead MoreGun Control Laws On The United States And Other Countries891 Words   |  4 PagesComparatively gun control laws with the United States and other countries: What could be done to reduce gun violence in the United States, by comparing gun control laws with other countries to see weather or not gun laws are effective? I feel comparing gun control laws between other countries to see how their laws are in effect with lowering gun violence, so we could get a better understanding on what we could do as a country to help reduce gun violence or to see if gun control is even affective. Gun controlRead MoreThe War On Gun Control1296 Words   |  6 Pages English 3 08 May 2015 The War on Gun Control The debate over gun control is one of the most heated debates currently going on in the government, and in the general population of the United States. One side of the debate says that guns are a legal right protected by the Second Amendment, and help to keep citizens safe if they are ever attacked. The other side says that guns are an evil thing, that they are the cause of death and destruction, and theyRead MoreThe Right to Bear Arms790 Words   |  4 PagesAmericans today own a gun and the majority use their gun in a safe manner. However, when the gun was first invented, it was intended to kill whether that be hunting, self-defense, or in battle. The gun is still to this day intended to kill and will always hold that purpose. Americans were given the right to bear arms in a time of need during the end of the revolutionary war, where there was still opposition from loyalists, in the early years of the country. Over the past two centuries, guns have become moreRead MoreGun Control : A Reference Handbook1639 Words   |  7 Pagesmathematics, Plato, a Greek philosopher, too held views on armament control. To expand, he reflected praises for an oligarchy government, a government with all power, along with favoring the withdrawal of arms from citizens and a desire to enforce the holding of weapons in his state. Plato also wished to impose obligatory military training and have military operations once a month, as mentioned by Earl R. Kruschke in his book Gun Control: A Reference Handbook. The policies that Plato once respected areRead MoreEssay about Put em Back in the Holster: Why We Need Gun Control888 Words   |  4 PagesGun control activists are lobbying and pushing for a revision of the nation’s gun laws with new legislation trying to pass a new background check law, but it failed to pass early in 2013 due to the National Rifle Association’s ability to present evidence to rebuttal the law and persuade lawmakers otherwise. The United States n eeds a change in its gun laws; will they help? Many Americans believe stricter laws will hinder dangerous people from owning a gun more or less the statics shows that is notRead MoreMass Shootings During The United States Right Now Essay1438 Words   |  6 PagesMass shootings are a huge epidemic in the United States right now. Many people live in fear of another mass shooting. Two important facts to know about mass shootings is what exactly a mass shooting is and how often they occur. CNN’s authors used the Gun Violence Archive to define a mass shooting in his article â€Å"A Visual Guide; Mass Shootings in America† as â€Å"any incident where four or more people are wounded or killed†(Willingham). The frequency of mass shootings depends on which source you lookRead MoreIra History And Transformation Of The Ira Essay1341 Words   |  6 PagesIreland. However, 6 counties remained under Britains control. The 6 six counties that remained were together named Nort hern Ireland and to this day, Northern Ireland is still a part of the United Kingdom. The first split of the IRA happened during this time between those who accepted 26 counties being set free (loyalist) and those who were upset that 6 remained under Britain control. Those who were not in favor of 6 counties apart of the United Kingdom were named the Irregulars. A civil war occurred between

Calorimeters free essay sample

The Calorimeters Calorimeters are a device that can measure the heat that comes from burning an item. Simple Calorimeter A simple calorimeter is used to detect the enthalpy change when a fuel is burned. The fuel is burnt to heat a specific mass of water and then measure its rise in temperature. The word calorimeter comes from the Latin phrase calor which means heat. A simple calorimeter just consists of a thermometer attached to a metal container full of water suspended above a combustion chamber. Below is a diagram of a simple calorimeter. The temperature of the water allows for calculating calorie content of the fuel. Pressurized with pure oxygen and containing a known mass of a sample and a small amount of water, it is submerged under a known volume of water before the charge is electrically ignited. The bomb, with the sample and oxygen, form a closed system, no air escapes during the reaction. We will write a custom essay sample on Calorimeters or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The energy released by the combustion raises the temperature of the steel bomb, its contents, and the surrounding water jacket. The temperature change in the water is then accurately measured. This temperature rise, along with a bomb factor (which is dependent on the heat capacity of the metal bomb parts) is used to calculate the energy given out by the sample burn. A small correction is made to account for the electrical energy input, the burning fuse, and acid production (by titration of the residual liquid). After the temperature rise has been measured, the excess pressure in the bomb is released. Basically, a bomb calorimeter consists of a small cup to contain the sample, oxygen, a stainless steel bomb, water, a stirrer, a thermometer and ignition circuit connected to the bomb. Below is a diagram of a bomb calorimeter.

Creative Strategies in Social Media Marketing †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Creative Strategies in Social Media Marketing. Answer: Introduction The hospitality and tourism industry is one of the fastest growing sectors all across the globe. Almost all the countries in the world are discovering tourism opportunities in their own lands and are promoting extensively to the foreigners. A firm tourism industry also ensures massive foreign cash, which is helpful for further economic development and promises extensive investments. The whole sector employs about 10% of the entire worlds workforce. The hospitality and tourism industry is an umbrella term that is consisted of a number of other sectors. Airline and railway travel agencies, resorts, hotels and spas, casinos, tour conductors, theme parks, bars, real estates all of these sectors collectively contribute to the sector that makes up the hospitality and tourism industry. All the inputs and components of these sectors are, in effect, the components of hospitality and tourism (Riley 2014). Hospitality professionals have to work in a service based environment. The sector has a lot of functions which encompasses all the aforementioned industries. The roles of the employees also vary hugely as a lot of associated and side works need to adhered to. The sector has to be constantly changing and dynamic to adapt to the forever evolving customer requirements. The hotel business is one of the biggest sectors of the hospitality and tourism. It has billions of dollars invested in it and offers some of the most lucrative job opportunities and profit possibilities than almost none of the other industries of the world (Mok, Sparks and Kadampully 2013). The industry is forever changing and exponentially growing without any possibilities of a slump within the site. The Divine Group Ltd. has chosen this sector of the hospitality and tourism industry because they believe that is sector has a lot of potential to grow and a lot of new and creative ideas can be explored here. The Divine Group is a conglomerate based out of New South Wales and has numerous business ventures including hotels, resorts, cotton mills and also has some mark in the iron industry of the country. The group wishes to further develop the hotels wing of its operations because the Board feels like there are many unturned stones left, which can be exploited to benefit both the comp any and the society, in turn helping the country. Current business operation Divine Group believes that a greater attention can be paid to the tourism industry and the hotel sector can rise to meet those requirements in the most careful and creative way possible. The simple reason for this, is the fact that this sector directly serves and shelters the direct agents of the industry itself, whose sole existence is the reason for the industry to thrive: the humans (Jones et al. 2016). The sector has a lot of creative opportunities that would enhance the tourist experiences by a great amount. Divine Group would be investing a lot into the sector in the coming years. As can be seen from the above figure, the provinces of Victoria and New South Wales are among the two most lucrative places to run a hotel business and this s the exact thing that motivates Divine Group to work hard and operate as efficiently as they can. Currently the Group already has an existence in the sector. The Group has some hotels in some of the most prominent and biggest tourist destinations in the country. This chain of hotels helps the Group to serve the customers to provide them with one of the grandest experiences ever. The hotels are themselves umbrella networks which usher in several other sectors to help it to exist and grow. The hotels take the service of these sectors, and in turn gives back the community tenfold, which help them to forget the daily stress for a moment. The hotels, besides providing lodging, also give conducted tours at tourist destinations, which further, in a more inclusive way, serve the customers in a more soul enriching way. They also have the hotels all have state-of-the-art rooms and buildings are concentrated on a single idea to serve the best. The hotels are built on the most serene places where the nature acts as a womb and the tourists are all made to feel to be in the cusp of mother Eart h. These hotels also have plans where the tourists can be assisted by the experts of the hotel staff who would take them to breathtaking adventures where they are bound to make the most remarkable memories. The hotels truly believe that in order to redo the harm we have already caused, as a species, to the planet, we must first understand the planet. These hotels, therefore, also give ample notice to the environment while catering to the requirement of the guests. A balance must be maintained where the humans and the nature can live together (Hsiao et al. 2014). The human activities must be kept within the bound, because the planet is to be given paramount priority. The hotels do everything they can, rather, to return to the planet. They actively contribute to the environment themselves through planting trees and running their own massive campaigns to bring about a global ban on plastic bags. The hotels also understand that the lifestyle of the customers have changed over the years and need to be adhered to. The different choices of every single individual is celebrated in these hotels and every customer is given as much of a customized service plan as possible. Every small details are noticed and are used to understand the comfort needs of every person and these are given lavish treatment. The pricing schemes of the different service packages differ greatly from other hotels in the area. Even the prices of the services differ within the hotel itself. To be honest, there are no set prices for the services that are offered, simply because of the fact that every individual is given unique care and that makes having a regularized price pattern almost impossible (Mitrokostas and Apostolakis 2013). Rather, the hotels fix the pricing models based on the services the guests avail for themselves. The hotels are located in some of the most lucrative and tourist friendly places in the country, including Victoria, Brisbane and Melbourne. The fact that these places are always full with tourists, ensure year round business for the hotels and the Group can always be assured that profit would be generated by every single of the hotels. This gives the Board of Directors additional time to harness their resources to come up with new ideas and venture to new areas. The Divine Group has many possible areas it can expand into. The hotel business is a virtually never ending sector which can only grow and can only be able to offer newer services to the customers, without having to cut slacks on the already existing ones. The possibilities of expanding the industry rests upon the efficiency of the Group regarding how does it promote itself to the customers: both the existing ones as well as the potential ones. To do this, Divine has to launch extensive campaigns that would usher more focus on the organization. Along with this, the Group also has to focus on being able to deliver to the customers the idea about which services are provided by the hotels and what is the specialty of each of the hotels based on their locations and local cultures. Widespread advertising has to be done through every possible media platform and those platforms have to be used as much as possible if Divine hopes to extend their business. Social media platforms are one of the biggest and the most popular media forms in todays world. Divine Group has to remember that the youth make a huge portion of the overall demography of both the country as well as the world. Those young adults and the comparatively young people have to be reached out to. This can be easily achieved by using social media. Almost everyone on the planet with an internet connection has online profiles and they are sure to notice if any online campaign is done (Hudson and Thal 2013). Even children use these social media websites. It is of common knowledge that the parents of the children often take vacations and go to the hotels because their children want that. If these social media can be used properly, chances are, the hotels would experience a greater number of parents coming to spend more and more time there. Social media also helps organizations in another aspect. A lot of people can be reached through single efforts and without having to incur a ny extra costs; no wages have to be paid as there are no physical employees and the online posts can be taken care by absolutely anyone who has the basic knowledge about how to operate the social media websites. It also reduces establishment costs (Ashley and Tuten 2015). Online campaigns help companies to save a lot of money and Divine Group is particularly focusing on large scale social media campaigns. Though social media is very effective, it has been seen that there are people who still prefer their news to be read from newspapers and still likes advertisement leaflets being handed to them. Traditional media campaigns using printing or radio can still reach lot of people (Hays, Page and Buhalis 2013). Divine Group understands this perfectly and have been planning to run advertisements in every leading newspaper of the country. While internet has no bounds, physical newspapers and printed materials have mobility constraints. Keeping this on mind, Divine has decided to promote each hotel at the local papers. The services of each hotel would advertised on the papers that is most well known in the province of the specific location of each of the hotel. Local radio is also to be used to broadcast advertisements. The Group has its own website which have details regarding every service that is offered by the hotels as well as the unique features of the individual hotels. This website is to be completely overhauled and revamped and new information is to be added so that the customers can easily surf through the brochure and opt for the services that suite them the best. The Group also has plans to recruit professional writers who would be developing content on behalf of the hotels and write blogs to make sure that the hotels look even more appealing to the customers. Existing customers are also given certain perks and extra advantages financially if they help to promote the hotels to their friends and family. Blogs and websites are also great ways to ensure reaching out too many people can be done easily and in a more efficient way. New campaign strategies In order to ensure the success of a company, the product or service that it offers has to be correctly promoted. This can be done by using the marketing mix. The four Ps of the marketing mix are basic pillars that help organisations to flourish. These four tenets are as follows: Product This is the first thing that any company has to understand. A comprehensive idea about the product that is being sold must be held by the organization. They have to have in depth knowledge about the product they will be selling. Divine has already a clear idea about what product and service would they offer. Price The pricing decision is the second most important thing of the marketing mix. Once the organization has a firm idea about what is being sold, they can proceed to pricing the product. The pricing bundle of the services of Divine Group will be kept the same as they are now: the visitors will be charged according to the type of services they opt for or the services they choose to avail for themselves. Promotion When the nature and the price of the product have already been decided upon, the company can then get along with promoting the product to the potential customers. This is a very vital stage, as this is where the difference is created between a successful company and another one that is not. With proper promotion and advertising a huge chunk of market share can be ensured. The already existing hotels already have a good base in the country. These hotels will campaign on their own about the new projects that are being initiated by the Group. Place Deciding on the location of the selling or promoting point of the product has to be done very carefully. With the selection of the right location, maximum customer attention can be ushered in. the hotels that are already existing would provide a great place to start the promotions as they already have a good customer inflow and if promotion is done in these places, Divine is sure to capture a lot of customer attention. New plans and recommendations Divine Group has plans to expand their hotel business even further and going beyond the conventional hotel services. They plan to move into the territories of the country that has been untouched for this long because of the adverse weather. However, the risks of contaminating the environment is real and the Group understands and acknowledges this very well. It plans to move ahead with the plans only if the environmentalists and the government sanctions the plans. The aboriginal people of the country are to be given the highest priorities when it comes to the rights of the lands and Divine does not wish to do anything that would in any way affect them or bring about a change in their lifestyle. The aboriginal tribes have lived in these lands for much longer than the anyone else and their satisfaction is of paramount necessity. Divine plans to expand to the vicious Outback of the country where nature is at her harshest and the visitors can be given an experience where they would feel aligned with the nature. The humans are part of the planet and the nature transcends the earthly boundaries and into the universe. The fact that everything is, in fact, connected, can work as a big revelation to the humans and motivate them greatly to protect the only planet where life thrives. Divine wishes to accomplish this by making sure the most premium services can be offered even in the roughest of conditions where nature is unforgiving. This would need careful expansions and a lot of meticulous planning. The already existing hotels would provide the new hotel with experienced staff who can handle tricky situations efficiently and can manage to bring only the best to the visitors. The tourists deserve all the luxury available and that is exactly what Divine plans to deliver. Conclusion From the above discussion it is clear that Divine Group is on the right track to expand its business and go deeper into the tourism industry of the country. For now, the Group seeks to have a great understanding of the overall operations and tricks of the industry. In future, if everything yields positive e results, the Group would also be nurture the idea to expand overseas. However, Divine is currently focused on expanding into new areas and would try to make the best out of the opportunity that they are getting as of the moment. The plans are being charted out carefully and are being analyzed even more meticulously so that the planning does not go in vain and every plan is made into a reality. For now, the actions and operations of Divine Group looks to be on the rise and the group hopes to profit the maximum from it while making sure that the environment is also kept safe. References Ashley, C. and Tuten, T., 2015. Creative strategies in social media marketing: An exploratory study of branded social content and consumer engagement.Psychology Marketing,32(1), pp.15-27. Hays, S., Page, S.J. and Buhalis, D., 2013. Social media as a destination marketing tool: its use by national tourism organisations.Current issues in Tourism,16(3), pp.211-239. Hsiao, T.Y., Chuang, C.M., Kuo, N.W. and Yu, S.M.F., 2014. Establishing attributes of an environmental management system for green hotel evaluation.International Journal of Hospitality Management,36, pp.197-208. Hudson, S. and Thal, K., 2013. The impact of social media on the consumer decision process: Implications for tourism marketing.Journal of Travel Tourism Marketing,30(1-2), pp.156-160. Jones, P., Jones, P., Hillier, D., Hillier, D., Comfort, D. and Comfort, D., 2016. Sustainability in the hospitality industry: some personal reflections on corporate challenges and research agendas.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,28(1), pp.36-67. Mitrokostas, E. and Apostolakis, A., 2013. Research note: Strategic corporate social responsibility and competition in the tourism industryA theoretical approach.Tourism Economics,19(4), pp.967-975. Mok, C., Sparks, B. and Kadampully, J., 2013. Service quality management in hospitality, tourism, and leisure. Routledge. Riley, M., 2014. Human resource management in the hospitality and tourism industry. Routledge.

America And The Ludendorrf Offensive Essay Example For Students

America And The Ludendorrf Offensive Essay The Entry of the USA and the Failure of the Ludendorff Offensive. The Entry of the USA. Both of these factors were very important in determining the outcome of the war. The American factor was important because when America joined the war, it was a critical period for the allies (April 1917). At the time they joined, Britain only had six weeks supply of corn, the French armies were exhausted after Verdun and French morale was so low that ten divisions had mutinied so the American involvement boosted the allies morale. At the time the Russian army was disintegrating after the February revolution so the German army for the first time, could transfer all their troops on the Eastern front to the Western front, so for the first time in the war having numerical superiority on the Western front, also because of the treaty of Brest-Litovich the Germans had much more guns and equipment that the allies. Also at the time, the Italians contribution was much weakened by the battle of Caporetto in November, so the situation at the time for the allies was quite dire! The US navy, when America entered the war, sent lots of destroyers to Ireland to help with anti-submarine patrols. Also, US Admiral Simms enabled Prime Minister Lloyd George to overcome Admiralty resistance to the convoy system so cutting our ship losses from twenty five percent to one percent, which was vital, if Britain was to stay in the war. Also America closed off the submarine threat from Germany by laying a big mine barrage across the North Sea. Although it was not until June 1918 before the Germans had enough troops in Europe to do any serious damage to the Germans and it was not until September that the Americans were strong enough to launch a major offensive (the Meuse-Argonne battle that engaged 1.2 million Americans for 47 days). The US armies also gave the allies the margin of Victory by giving us many men and guns that we would not have otherwise had. I.e.: In April 1918 the Germans had 300,000 more men that we did on the Western front but by November 1918, the allies had 600,000 more men than the Germans on the Western front. This was in part because that Germans were losing many lives through the Ludendorff offensive but mainly because the Americans poured many men in to Europe. By the end of November, there were nearly 2 million American troops in Europe! Also the arrival of the Americans greatly raised the morale of the allied troops and greatly demoralised the German troops. Even though most US war manufacture programs developed so slowly as to have no effect on the war. I.e.: most American artillery units were equipped with French field guns, also most American pilots flew British and French planes. In return though, the Americans, by 1918, provided 43% of British food 14% of French and 11% of Italian food. Also the Americans provided the allies with much money. I.e.: 1. Britain: 3345 $millions. 2. France: 2065 $millions. 3. Russia: 325 $millions. 4. Serbia: 12 $millions. The Ludendorff Offensive. The contribution of the Ludendorff Offensive to the outcome of World War One was very important because if the Ludendorff offensive, (Operation Michael), had never been launched, then the trench warfare that had became the trademark of World War One would have carried on for a couple of years more than it actually did depending on whether the Americans had sent over as many troops as they did because of the offensive. I believe that the Americans would not have sent over nearly as many troops as they did if the offensive had never happened. The Ludendorff Offensive is linked with the entry of the United States because if the Americans had not entered the war, then the need for a rapid plan to win the war. Ie: the Ludendorff Offensive, would not have been needed. The Germans, because of the offensive, lost the preponderance of 300,000 that they had on the Western Front through the Russian revolution that allowed them to transfer over 1 million troops to the western front. The Ludendor ff offensive nearly worked as the Germans came within Paris. Fortunately the German offensive was pushed back. During 1918, many offensives were launched, they collectively became known as the Ludendorff offensive. Because of the offensive, the Germans lost many of their men and so lost the numerical advantage that had led them to start the Ludendorff offensive. Because the Germans lost so many men, (the British and French lost roughly the same amount of men as the Germans), they could not any more win the war as they did not have sufficient numbers to launch any more offensives and also, because of the flu pandemic that was tearing across Europe, the starving Germans lost many more men. Also, a very important aspect of the Ludendorff offensive is that a formed a unified allied command which was needed if attacks were to be properly co-ordinated, this also helped in ending the war quickly as it reduced confusion in the allied ranks when the Germans attacked. The main reason that the Ludendorff Offensive failed was that, simply, it ran out of steamThe Conclusion. .u3ffb3a9c1ea71339b3dc25b3abc6e7f5 , .u3ffb3a9c1ea71339b3dc25b3abc6e7f5 .postImageUrl , .u3ffb3a9c1ea71339b3dc25b3abc6e7f5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3ffb3a9c1ea71339b3dc25b3abc6e7f5 , .u3ffb3a9c1ea71339b3dc25b3abc6e7f5:hover , .u3ffb3a9c1ea71339b3dc25b3abc6e7f5:visited , .u3ffb3a9c1ea71339b3dc25b3abc6e7f5:active { border:0!important; } .u3ffb3a9c1ea71339b3dc25b3abc6e7f5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3ffb3a9c1ea71339b3dc25b3abc6e7f5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3ffb3a9c1ea71339b3dc25b3abc6e7f5:active , .u3ffb3a9c1ea71339b3dc25b3abc6e7f5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3ffb3a9c1ea71339b3dc25b3abc6e7f5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3ffb3a9c1ea71339b3dc25b3abc6e7f5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3ffb3a9c1ea71339b3dc25b3abc6e7f5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3ffb3a9c1ea71339b3dc25b3abc6e7f5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3ffb3a9c1ea71339b3dc25b3abc6e7f5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3ffb3a9c1ea71339b3dc25b3abc6e7f5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3ffb3a9c1ea71339b3dc25b3abc6e7f5 .u3ffb3a9c1ea71339b3dc25b3abc6e7f5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3ffb3a9c1ea71339b3dc25b3abc6e7f5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Divine Intervention Greek Gods Essay OdysseyI believe that the Ludendorff offensive was the determining factor in the defeat of Germany in 1918. The American entry was important and if the Ludendorff offensive had never been launched then the American entry into the war would have been the determining factor in deciding the outcome of the war, but I believe that the Ludendorff offensive was the determining factor in the war because it bled Germany of so many of its men. Because Germany lost so many men, it had no choice but to sign the peace treaty. That is why I think that the Ludendorff offensive is the determining factor in the defeat of Germany in 1918. Also why I thin k that the Ludendorff Offensive is the determining factor in the outcome of the war, is because, if the Americans had never entered the war, then there would not have been a need for such a plan as the Ludendorff Offensive because there would not have been such a pressure to win the war without the Americans in the war.

Kevins Decisions free essay sample

Create 2 formulas, one that will calculate the last number in terms of the first number and a constant increase in rate as well as the total amount of numbers. The second formula will add ass of the resulting numbers from the first formula together after the last number is calculated. Process: Kevin’s Decisions: In order to put the problem into perspective, I first set up my own possible variables for the first platform height, the difference in height between each platform, and the total number of platforms. I came up with the numbers for each variable respectively: 6, 3, and 3. The first platform is 6 feet tall. There are 3 platforms. The distance between each platform is 3 feet. The second platform is 6+3 feet tall or 9 feet, the third platform is 9+3 feet or 12 feet. I tried to find a formula for the height of the tallest platform that works. What I had to do, to find the height of the tallest platform, was first to find out how tall the first platform was. We will write a custom essay sample on Kevins Decisions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Since we dont know how tall the first platform is, I substituted it for the variable f. Next we had to determine the difference in height between each platform, which I substituted as d, and multiply that by the total number of platforms because this will show the total increase in height from the first platform to the last platform. However, I had to subtract one from the total number of platforms because I already used the first platform as the starting height in feet for increasing the height from platform to platform. I substituted this for (x-1). Once I found the total difference in height from the first platform to the last platform, I just added that to the height of the first platform to get the height of the last platform. The formula I came up with was (f+(x-1)d)=1 where f=the height of the first platform, x=number of platforms, and d=the distance between each platform. I checked to see if my formula worked using the numbers from earlier. (f+(x-1)d)=1 (6+(3-1)3)=12 6+(23)=12 6+6=12 12=12 ? Camilla’s Dilemma: In order to find out the total length of fabric that Camilla needs for the platforms, I had to develop a formula that gave us the total height of all of the platforms. To find out the total height we could add the height of all of the platforms. However, the total height can also be determined by a formula since the increase in height from platform to platform is the same. What I saw was that there are pairs within the heights of the first platform and last platform that when added result to the same number. For example: If there are 5 platforms in total, the first platform is 4 feet and the increase in height is 2 feet, the height of the platforms in order are: 4, 6, 8, 10, 12. The height of the last platform is 12 and the height of the first platform is 4. When we add 4 and 12 the result is 16 and divided by 2 is 8. The 2nd platform is 6 feet and the 4rth platform is 10 feet When added together and divided by 2 to get the average we get 8. The platform is the average number, which is 8. I saw this and put it into a formula. I took the height of the first platform and added it to the last platform, and substituted it for the variables f+l (where l=the height of the last platform). Then I took the total number of platforms and divided it by 2 to get the average, and multiplied it by the average of both platforms to get the total height of all of the platforms. This resulting number is the total length required in square feet of fabric to cover the fronts of the platforms. I got the formula (x/2) (f+l)=m from as a result of the process. I used this formula to see if i could get the correct answer using the same situation from Kevins Decisions. The first platform is 6 feet tall, there are 3 platforms in total, and the difference in height from each platform is 3 feet.  The reason this formula is right is because the formula takes the height of the first platform and adds on the total height difference between the first platform and the last platform. It would not work is the difference in height from platform from platform was not constant. Camilla’s Dilemma: (x/2)(f=l)=m This formula for Camillas Dilemma works because it takes the average of all the platforms. Then it multiplies that average by the total number of platforms there are. The reason this formula works is once again because the rate of increase between each platform is the same. The formula basically takes the average of the first and last platform, and if the rate of increase in height were not the same, the average wouldnt have been able to be calculated the same way. I would have had to add all of the numbers individually and divide by the total amount of numbers to get the average if the rate of increase in height were not the same. Also by substituting the last platform for the formula from Kevins Decisions we can combine the formula from Kevins Decisions in replace of the height of the last platform. The combined formula in Camillas dilemma and Kevins Decisions will result in the same answer and will look like this: (x/2)   (f+(f+(x-1)d)=m. Source/Help: Help from classmates and http://www. freemathhelp. com/forum/archive/index. I learned about creating expressions and equations based on real life scenarios even without any real numbers. I think that this POW was educationally worthwhile and taught me about how real life can be put into equations and expressions. The only thing I might change about the problem was give set variables for each unknown to make it less confusing when comparing papers with others. I did somewhat enjoy working on this because it was worthwhile to my learning but it was difficult and I found myself stuck sometimes. It was just in the middle between too hard and too easy because I k new some components of the problem but others I was confused on. Overall I thought it was good that we learned this because it will help our understanding of the unit problem. Self-Assessment: I think that I deserve a 3. 8-4 on this because almost all of my work is clear though there is maybe 1 or 2 spots that might be confusing to some but I think I overall did a concise and clear job solving and explain this POW.

Quadrature Amplitude Modulation free essay sample

Because of the  orthogonality  property of the carrier signals, it is possible to detect the modulating signals independently. In the ideal case  I(t)  is demodulated by multiplying the transmitted signal with a cosine signal: [pic] Using standard  trigonometric identities, we can write it as: [pic] Low-pass filtering  ri(t)  removes the high frequency terms (containing  4? f0t), leaving only the  I(t)  term. This filtered signal is unaffected by  Q(t), showing that the in-phase component can be received independently of the quadrature component. Similarly, we may multiply  s(t)  by a sine wave and then low-pass filter to extract  Q(t). The phase of the received signal is assumed to be known accurately at the receiver. If the demodulating phase is even a little off, it results in  crosstalk  between the modulated signals. This issue ofcarrier synchronization  at the receiver must be handled somehow in QAM systems. The coherent demodulator needs to be exactly in phase with the received signal, or otherwise the modulated signals cannot be independently received. We will write a custom essay sample on Quadrature Amplitude Modulation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For example  analog television  systems transmit a burst of the transmitting colour subcarrier after each horizontal synchronization pulse for reference. Analog QAM is used in  NTSC  and  PAL  television systems, where the I- and Q-signals carry the components of chroma (colour) information. Compatible QAM or  C-QUAM  is used in  AM stereo  radio to carry the  stereo difference  information. [edit]Fourier analysis of QAM In the  frequency domain, QAM has a similar spectral pattern to  DSB-SC  modulation. Using the  properties of the Fourier transform, we find that: [pic] here  S(f),  MI(f) and  MQ(f) are the Fourier transforms (frequency-domain representations) of  s(t),  I(t) and  Q(t), respectively. [edit]Quantized QAM [pic] [pic] Digital 16-QAM with example constellation points. Like many digital modulation schemes, the  constellation diagram  is a useful representation. In QAM, the constellation points are usually arranged in a squa re grid with equal vertical and horizontal spacing, although other configurations are possible (e. g. Cross-QAM). Since in digitaltelecommunications  the data are usually  binary, the number of points in the grid is usually a power of 2 (2, 4, 8 . Since QAM is usually square, some of these are rare—the most common forms are 16-QAM, 64-QAM and 256-QAM. By moving to a higher-order constellation, it is possible to transmit more  bits  per  symbol. However, if the mean energy of the constellation is to remain the same (by way of making a fair comparison), the points must be closer together and are thus more susceptible to  noise  and other corruption; this results in a higher  bit error rate  and so higher-order QAM can deliver more data less reliably than lower-order QAM, for constant mean constellation energy. If data-rates beyond those offered by 8-PSK  are required, it is more usual to move to QAM since it achieves a greater distance between adjacent points in the I-Q plane by distributing the points more evenly. The complicating factor is that the points are no longer all the same amplitude and so the  demodulator  must now correctly detect both  phase  and  amplitude, rather than just phase. 64-QAM and 256-QAM are often used in  digital cable  television and  cable modem  applications. In the United States, 64-QAM and 256-QAM are the mandated modulation schemes for  digital cable  (see  QAM tuner) as standardised by the  SCTE  in the standard  ANSI/SCTE 07 2000. Note that many marketing people will refer to these as QAM-64 and QAM-256. In the UK, 16-QAM and 64-QAM are currently used for  digital terrestrial television  (Freeview  and  Top Up TV) and 256-QAM is planned for Freeview-HD. Communication systems designed to achieve very high levels of  spectral efficiency  usually employ very dense QAM constellations. One example is the  ITU-T  G. n  standard for networking over existing home wiring (coaxial cable,  phone lines  and  power lines), which employs constellations up to 4096-QAM (12 bits/symbol). Another example is  VDSL2  technology for copper twisted pairs, whose constellation size goes up to 32768 points. [edit]Ideal structure [edit]Transmitter The following picture shows the ideal structure of a QAM transmitter, wit h a  carrier frequency  f0  and the frequency response of the transmitters filter  Ht: [pic] First the flow of bits to be transmitted is split into two equal parts: this process generates two independent signals to be transmitted. They are encoded separately just like they were in an  amplitude-shift keying  (ASK) modulator. Then one channel (the one in phase) is multiplied by a cosine, while the other channel (in quadrature) is multiplied by a sine. This way there is a phase of 90 ° between them. They are simply added one to the other and sent through the real channel. The sent signal can be expressed in the form: [pic] where  vc[n]  and  vs[n]  are the voltages applied in response to the  nth  symbol to the cosine and sine waves respectively. [edit]Receiver The receiver simply performs the inverse process of the transmitter. Its ideal structure is shown in the picture below with  Hr  the receive filters frequency response  : [pic] Multiplying by a cosine (or a sine) and by a low-pass filter it is possible to extract the component in phase (or in quadrature). Then there is only an  ASK  demodulator and the two flows of data are merged back. In practice, there is an unknown phase delay between the transmitter and receiver that must be compensated by  synchronization  of the receivers local oscillator, i. e. the sine and cosine functions in the above figure. In mobile applications, there will often be an offset in the relative  frequency  as well, due to the possible presence of a Doppler shift proportional to the relative velocity of the transmitter and receiver. Both the phase and frequency variations introduced by the channel must be compensated by properly tuning the sine and cosine components, which requires a  phase reference, and is typically accomplished using a  Phase-Locked Loop (PLL). In any application, the low-pass filter will be within  hr  (t): here it was shown just to be clearer. [edit]Quantized QAM performance The following definitions are needed in determining error rates: M  = Number of symbols in modulation constellation Eb  = Energy-per-bit Es  = Energy-per-symbol =  kEb  with  k  bits per symbol N0  =  Noise  power spectral density  (W/Hz) Pb  =  Probability  of bit-error Pbc  = Probability of bit-error per carrier Ps  = Probability of symbol-error Psc  = Probability of symbol-error per carrier [pic]. Q(x)  is related to the  complementary Gaussian error function  by:  [pic], which is the probability that  x  will be under the tail of the Gaussian  PDF  towards positive  infinity. The error rates quoted here are those in  additive  white  Gaussian noise  (AWGN). Where  coordinates  for constellation points are given in this article, note that they represent a  non-normalised  constellation. That is, if a particular mean average energy were required (e. g. unit average energy), the constellation would need to be linearly scaled. [edit]Rectangular QAM [pic] [pic] Constellation diagram  for rectangular 16-QAM. Rectangular QAM constellations are, in general, sub-optimal in the sense that they do not maximally space the constellation points for a given energy. However, they have the considerable advantage that they may be easily transmitted as two  pulse amplitude modulation  (PAM) signals on quadrature carriers, and can be easily demodulated. The non-square constellations, dealt with below, achieve marginally better bit-error rate (BER) but are harder to modulate and demodulate. The first rectangular QAM constellation usually encountered is 16-QAM, the constellation diagram for which is shown here. A  Gray coded  bit-assignment is also given.

Audrey Flack, Pioneer of Photorealism

Audrey Flack, Pioneer of Photorealism Audrey Flack, born May 30, 1931, is an American artist. Her work, primarily painting and sculpture, has placed her at the forefront of pop art and photorealism. Fast Facts: Audrey Flack Full Name:  Audrey L. FlackOccupation: ArtistKnown For: Pioneering the photorealist genre of art, particularly with portrayals of women, everyday objects, and moments in relatively recent history.Born: May 30, 1931 in New York CityNotable Works:  Kennedy Motorcade (1964), Marilyn (Vanitas) (1977), World War II (Vanitas) (1978) Early Life and Education Flack was born in New York City in 1931, in the northern Manhattan neighborhood of Washington Heights. As a teenager, she attended a specialized arts public institution, the High School of Music and Art. Her formal art education began in 1948, when she began her studies at New York’s Cooper Union. Flack remained there until 1951 and was then recruited to Yale, largely thanks to the influence of German-American artist Josef Albers (who was then in charge of Yale’s art department). While at Yale, Flack continued developing her own style while being influenced by her teachers and mentors. In particular, her early work demonstrated an Abstract Expressionist style in the vein of Albers’ work. Flack graduated with her Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in 1952. The following year, she returned to New York and studied art history for a year at New York University’s Institute of Fine Arts. Abstract to Realism At first, Flack’s work in the 1950s was a clear offshoot of her training with abstract expressionists. She also embraced â€Å"kitschiness† in a self-aware, ironic way. However, as time went on, she began to feel that the abstract expressionist style she was utilizing was not achieving what she felt was an important goal: communicating with audiences. Because of this desire to create art that was clearer to viewers, Flack began moving towards realism. Portrait of artist Audrey Flack sits next to a painting of President John F. Kennedy and First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy riding in the back of a limousine on the day he was assassinated.   Nancy R. Schiff / Getty Images She enrolled in the Art Students League (ASL), where she studied anatomy under the tutelage of Robert Beverly Hale, and began finding inspiration in artists from past eras rather than more recent movements. Her work began to be categorized in the â€Å"New Realism† movement, and, eventually, shifted all the way into photorealism, in which an artist attempts to reproduce a photographed image as realistically as possible in a different medium. Flack was one of the first students at the ASL to fully embrace photorealism and use photographs as reference for her work. Photorealism, in many ways, is a sister genre to pop art: depicting ordinary, mundane items, often as still-lifes that imitate the realism of photography as closely as possible. In 1966, Flack became the first photorealist painter to have work in the collection at the Museum of Modern Art.   Increased Influence In some cases, Flack’s work moved past the typical still life paintings and depicted historical events. One of her most famous works is Kennedy Motorcade, November 22, 1963, which, as its title suggests, depicts a scene from the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. Her historical paintings, including her Vanitas works, often featured some kind of socio-political commentary. Her still life paintings often did as well; for instance, her paintings of female-coded items such as makeup and perfume bottles tended to involve some commentary on gender roles and constructs. Portrait of gallery owner Louis Meisel and artist Audrey Flack and her hyper-realist painting of Marilyn Monroe, New York, New York, March 10, 1978. Allan Tannenbaum / Getty Images In the early 1970s, Flack developed a new technique for her paintings. Instead of just using a photograph as a reference, she actually projected it as a slide onto the canvas, then developed an airbrushing technique to create the layers of paint. The 1970s also saw Flack paint her Vanitas series, which depicted everything from jewelry to scenes of WWII concentration camps. By the 1980s, however, Flack had switched her primary medium from painting to sculpture. She is entirely self-taught in sculpture, as opposed to her significant formal training in painting. There are also other significant differences in her sculptural works versus her paintings. For instance, where her paintings focused on ordinary objects or historical scenes, her sculptures tend to depict religious and mythological subjects. For the most part, women are depicted in her sculptures, representing somewhat idealized but imperfect and diverse variations on the female form and femininity itself. Contemporary Work In the 1990s and 2000s, Flack had a fair amount of work commissioned. At one point, she was commissioned to create a statue of Catherine of Braganza, the British queen after whom the New York City borough of Queens was named; the project met with several objections and was never completed. More recently, her statues Recording Angel  and  Colossal Head of Daphne  (both completed between 2006 and 2008) were commissioned by and installed in Nashville, Tennessee. Audrey Flacks Recording Angel statue stands outside the Schermerhorn Symphony Center in Nashville, Tennessee.   Raymond Boyd / Getty Images In more recent years, Flack has returned to her roots. Finding the photorealist movement rather â€Å"restricting,† she shifted back to Baroque influences. She wrote a book in 1986, collecting her thoughts on art and being an artist. Flack has also taught and lectured both in America and abroad. Currently, she is an honorary professor at George Washington University and a visiting professor at the University of Pennsylvania. She is based out of New York, where she splits her time between New York City and Long Island. Sources Blumberg, Naomi and Ida Yalzadeh. â€Å"Audrey Flack: American Painter and Sculptor.† Encyclopaedia Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Audrey-Flack.Flack, Audrey.  Art Soul: Notes on Creating, New York, Dutton, 1986.Morgan, Robert C. â€Å"Audrey Flack and the Revolution of Still Life Painting.† The Brooklyn Rail, 5 Nov. 2010, https://brooklynrail.org/2010/11/artseen/audrey-flack-and-the-revolution-of-still-life-painting.

Organizational Behavior †Analysis of Wal-Mart

Organizational Behavior – Analysis of Wal-Mart Free Online Research Papers All organization has its individual distinctive behaviors, the uniqueness that symbolizes the organization’s traditions of constructing pleasant relations by accomplishing individual, organizational, and social goals. This characteristic in the organization culture is what identifies the business. The organization’s thinking, ethics, mission, vision, goals and objectives, communication, ability to grip changes, culture and knowledge positions as its form structure which the organization draws its purpose. Every small nicety of the behavioral part in a company are included in regulation currently identified as organizational behavior. Its function is to assemble healthier associations by accomplishing individual, organizational, and social objectives. Organizational behavior includes a broad collection of focus, such as human behavior, change, leadership, teams. Organizational Behavior (OB) is a broad study and application of knowledge about how people, individuals, and groups act in their respective organizations. Typically, organizations employ structure approach that interprets the individual organization relationships beginning at the least to the entire social system .Organizational Behavior is in the basic term which consists of the diversity, communication, business ethics, and change management. Wal-mart Stores has publicly owned American Corporation, and currently the nation’s largest company. This paper entails an examination on the organizational behavior displayed by Wal-Mart Corporation. Organizational culture is the persona of the company. According to Carter McNamara (2000), â€Å"Culture involves the assumptions, values, norms and tangible signs (artifacts) of organization members and their behaviors.† Organizational culture is also recognized as casual behaviors that an organization and its workers accept as their approach to doing business. Many of Sam Waltons values replicas these descriptions of corporate culture, which is the part of the culture that appeals to customers. Go into any Wal-Mart at 7 a.m. and the customer may take notice of something a little bizarre, such as a cheer performed to Wal-mart employees. Wal-Mart has a cheer. Wal-Marts founder, Sam Walton, was in Korea touring a tennis ball manufactory and he saw the employees do a cheer and exercises established by the company which is done every morning. He incorporated a daily cheer into the day to day activities of the Wal-Mart Corporation, which is now part of the Wal-Mart culture. This rites performed by Wal-Mart employees is merely one instance of the numerous elements of organizational culture that Sam Walton worked to inspire in the employees who work for the Wal-Mart Corporation. The culture establishes the style of leadership, communication, and group dynamics inside the company. The employees identify this as the way of work life which expresses his or her level of motivation. The ultimate result is performance, employee fulfillment, and individual growth and improvement. All these fundamentals combine makes the mold or structure that Wal-Mart operates. Part of organizational behavior and culture is diversity, communication, business ethics, and change management. Diversity is individuals who has distinctive perceptions or outlooks that he or she can bring to the business. As the worlds largest retailer Wal-Mart value diversity and promote a work atmosphere that enhances the individual and proficient practice of the organization’s employees. Wal-Mart makes diversity a component of their company plan; guaranteeing the company can maintain being a worldwide leader in all portions of Diversity and Inclusion (Wal-Mart, 2007). Wal-Mart not only value diversity also places much emphasis on company business ethics. In the past years, Wal-Mart has found themselves under fire for their business ethics. Although Wal-mart declares to be a company established on family principles, many believe otherwise. Wal-Mart is branded as the friendly neighborhood supermarket, however, until lately; Wal-Mart has themselves in the hot seat fighting unjust employment practice lawsuits. A worker employed by Wal-Mart in New York has charged the nation’s top merchant of unjust labor practices. The lawsuit was filed in a New York state court on behalf of more than 10,000 existing and past workers of Wal-Mart and stores affiliated with Wal-Mart stores in New York. The grievance maintains at Wal-Mart practices unfair compensation to employees and forcing workers to work while not on the clock. Business ethics is the use of moral values to business behavior. Business pertains to every part of the company’s code of conduct, starting at the highest level of management, how companies care for their staff and merchants to sales practices and bookkeeping practices. Ethics goes further than the lawful requirements for the company and is, hence, about optional choices and behavior directed by values. Business ethics is important to the dealings of the employees and to the activities of the company as a whole. â€Å"Communication is the key to avoid any unethical business practices. Communication is the glue that holds organizations together. It is the way we share information, ideas, goals, directions, expectations, feelings, and emotions in the context of coordinated action.† (Schermerhorn, Hunt, and Osborn, 2008 p. 318) Change management has help Wal-mart to turn around all the bad in the company. Change management is a methodical advance to dealing with change, equally from the standpoint of a company and on the individual point. Change management has at three diverse features, adapting to change, controlling change, and effecting change. For any organization, change management represents determining and applying measures and knowledge to implement changes in the company’s surroundings and to benefit from changing chances. The largest corporation has organizational behavior and culture. These characteristics are what shapes the company and make the company stand out from others. Wal-mart deals with the day to day functions of being a successful business. Communication, business ethics, diversity, and change management are a part of Wal-Mart’s activities. These things are important to the success of any company not just Wal-Mart. The outcome is performance, employee fulfillment, and individual growth and improvement. Reference McNamara, Carter (2000) Organizational Culture. Retrieved on November 22, 2008 from managementhelp.org/org_thry/culture/culture.htm Schermerhorn, John, R., Hunt, James, G., Osborn, Richard, N., (2008) Organizational Behavior (10th ed.). Wiley, New York, NY Wal-Mart (2006) Diversity. Retrieved on November 23, 2008 from http://walmartstores.com/Diversity/ Research Papers on Organizational Behavior - Analysis of Wal-MartSociology EssayExempt vs Non-Exempt EmployeesDr. Edward Deming EssayGoogle Research PaperGap Analysis: Lester ElectronicsEmployment Law EssayGene One the Transition from Private to PublicWhat are Stock OptionsSociology is a ScienceInternational Paper

Writing Prompts for Paragraphs

Writing Prompts for Paragraphs Use the following topic sentences as prompts to help you discover fresh images, examples, and narrative details. Following the guidelines in parenthesis, rely on your imagination and experience to develop each idea in a paragraph of at least four or five sentences. The van swerved across three lanes of traffic and headed straight for the front door of the pizza parlor.(What happened next?) A good parent provides discipline as well as affection.(Explain why or give examples.) People who value their privacy probably shouldnt be on Facebook.(Use specific examples to explain why.) With a tambourine in one hand, Merdine clambered onto the roof of her trailer during the thunderstorm.(What did she do there?) To discourage burglars from entering your house or apartment, you need to take a number of precautions.(Recommend some specific precautions.) Certain movies and TV programs reflect the violent times we live in.(Offer some examples.) Ill never forget how I felt on my first day in this classroom.(Describe your feelings.) As my friend and I crept down the dark hallway of the old abandoned house, we heard the floorboards creak and the wind whistle through the cracked glass in the window frames.(What happened next?) A good teacher can help you get thro ugh even the most difficult course.(Give examples to demonstrate how this is so.) In many small ways we can all help to protect the environment.(Offer some specific examples.) NEXT:50 Quick Writing Prompts

Modern Business in Comparative Perspective Essay - 6

Modern Business in Comparative Perspective - Essay Example Theorists such as Krugman, Chandler, and Rugman have developed theories that eliminate the weaknesses of the diamond model. According to Porter, he argues that the success of a nation is dependent on the prosperity of its firms. The nation acts as home base essential for an organization’s economic growth and provides competitive advantages. Porter uses the Diamond concept in determining economic growth rate of a nation. The Diamond concept offers a concept of understanding firms and their management of resources. It also gives the competitive advantages of different businesses in a nation. The first attribute is the factor condition, which is crucial to organizations growth. This attribute helps in improving cluster structure. The cluster structure involves the relation between customer, skill, technology, and distribution of products. These clusters are vital in attaining economic success at a national level. – example ? The Italian tile industry gained competitive advantage because of the cluster structure of the business. Organizations in the industry relate well with customers and they have workers who have essential skills of producing the product. The industry has also succeeded because of the use of the kiln technology, which helps in minimizing the cost of energy used to produce tiles. The industry developed this technology after the oil crisis of the 1980s, which motivated companies to develop new ways of remaining competitive. The second attribute is demand conditions, which concerns with home market nature such as home demand influence. The home demand can be affected by customer’s wants and needs (e.g local demand of product). The domestic demand plays a significant role in shaping an organization’s innovativeness and ability to upgrade, which are vital in determining breakthrough of the organization in the national market. – example? The wine producing industry in France has developed

The State of American Employment Research Paper

The State of American Employment - Research Paper Example The State of American Employment This shows somehow a stable state of the economy; however, further analysis of the statistics could portray otherwise. Motoko (par 3); Shah & Lee (par 10) say that politicians could term such statistics as weak and troubling because they could assert that despite an increase in employment opportunities, the growth in job market cannot match the increasing number of those seeking jobs hence an increase in the unemployed. These small changes are also described by Barro (par 1) as dismal in terms of economic recovery. The State of American Employment Age and Student Debt The teenagers in the age group of 16 to 19 years recorded an unemployment rate of 23.7% which did not change from the previous month. This was remarkably higher than that of adult males who had an employment rate of 7.3% and 7.2% recorded for adult females. This clearly shows that with an increase in age, there is greater job stability. Adults have job experience as compared to their inexperienced teenagers. There was n o change in the unemployment rate among the teenagers between 16 to 19 years of age; this was similar to adult males where the rate stood at 7.3% while the females recorded an increase of 0.2% (US Bureau of Statistics) The youths as consequence of unemployment are finding it hard to sustain themselves. Rampell (par 1) states that in this generation, the future of the young looks bleak. She says only one out of six young people work full time. Most of the young are struggling to put up with their parents; three out of five live with their parents. 73% of young people believe they need more education to find a better career, but only half of this percentage confirms they will enroll in the near future. Among the unemployed youths recent graduates are included. Weisman (par 6) in his article â€Å"53% of recent grads are underemployed or Jobless† says that, recent graduates are likely to work as waiters, waitress, bartenders, and food service helpers than as engineers, doctors, physicists, or mathematicians. However, most graduates will not take these jobs because the college degree is very expensive and students accumulate debts during the course of their studies. Re-servicing these loans is much harder when you are working for low salaries. Secondly, when college graduates ta ke up a low-paid or low-skill job, they're probably taking the place of a less educated worker. Krugman (par 11) argues that the debt burden is not the main problem facing the youths but it is, rather, the lack of jobs, which is preventing many graduates from getting started on their working lives. Gender and Employment Stability Analysis based on gender show that women have a slight edge over the males when it comes to job stability. The unemployment rate for women 16 years and over was 7.7% up by 0.2% from the previous month, while the rate for the males in the same age group was recorded as 8.0% and showed no change from the previous month. When the age is raised to 20 and above, the unemployment rate for women is 7.2 up by 0.2% from the previous month, while the men have an unemployment rate of 7.3% which had no change from the previous month. This statistics clearly indicate that the job stability between sexes is almost becoming equal. Both the young Males and females suffer f rom a high rate of unemployment as expressed by the fact that when the age is increased from 16 to 20 the unemployment goes down by 0.5% for females and 0.7% for

Scenario Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Scenario - Essay Example Nowadays, the sight of different non-governmental organizations actively participating in the community is a normal scenario. They become active members of the community as a means of generating change. The government, on the other hand, has its own plans on eliminating the different quandaries faced by the community. This is a way of fostering social responsibility. However, with the rise of individualism, man, who is a social being, diverts from the calling of his fellowmen. Thus, social responsibility is now in question. The clich statement, "no man is an island", greatly describes the need of man for others. Man is significantly affected by others' thoughts, feelings and behaviors whether or not others are present. It simply indicates that man is prone to social influence and can be manipulated by social situations. Therefore, man cannot separate himself from others since every thought, feeling, and action elicited by others, has a large impact on his very existence. The community is dealing with different predicaments, from poverty, political issues, diminishing values etc. The government acts as its chief protector against these problems. Poverty, which is said to be mostly the root cause of other problems, is dealt by the government by aiding the poor children in public schools with free breakfast.

Managerial Decision making essay 6 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Managerial Decision making 6 - Essay Example Despite the enormous pressures through sanctions and other measures by the US and its allies, Iran has held ground that it will not stop its nuclear programs. After many rounds of negotiations, it is clear that the US cannot achieve its goal of convincing Iran to stop its nuclear programs and hence this stalemate will have to be addressed by approaching the negotiation table using other approaches. In a stalemate negotiation, the issues of concern must shift from hard-line positions to new ones, which will ensure that the fears of each group are met and addressed. In this case, the solution shifts from a competitive approach where each group wants to win, to a new approach where each group wins, that is, a win-win solution (Bazerman & Moore, 2009). In these negotiations, the issues always boil down to US wanting to reduce Iran’s nuclear infrastructure and Iran seeking to maintain them, which leads to a stalemate at the end. In such a negotiation, it is important to identify th e issues of agreement between the two parties, then the issues of contention and hence decide where to compromise and also where necessary come up with new solutions discussed together on the table. Further the two groups must now frame the agendas of the negotiations in a more promising way. Like in any negotiation, cognitive mistakes can happen in such a negotiation. Such mistakes include irrational escalation of commitment, self –serving biases, negotiator overconfidence and issues and problem framing. To avoid irrational escalation of commitment, it is important to have an external advisor, who warns the group when they start acting irrationally when in the heat of the negotiations. In addition, to self-serving biases, it is important for negotiators to listen to others and consider their motivations for their positions in the process (Foreman & Selly, 2001). Negotiator overconfidence may lead negotiators to believe that their

Data Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Data Analysis - Essay Example Most of these incidents are of different nature which is due to the lack safety measures adopted by the people. Many incidents have been recorded in the year 2012 which occurred due to the avoidance of wearing a helmet while climbing mountains which results in head injuries when people fall off from greater heights. The particular injury is very critical because it provides little chances of survival (LAMRT, 2012). Injuries can occur due to poor weather can easily result in a death of a person. Casualties occur if weather is not forecasted by people and even a slightest storm can end a life of a human being. However, rarely it has been reported that casualties occur due to bad weather because the rescue team spreads awareness to the people on ground in taking precautionary measures against bad weather. An incident number 89 was reported that a woman became ill due to heavy rain and was escorted to the hospital for further treatment. Similar incidents have been reported due to which people were found missing until they found the rescue team to escort back to their camps (LAMRT, 2012). Leg and ankle injury is common in Lake District because there are many casualties reported by the rescue team because the ground is very steep and slippery in nature and requires deliberation in maintain balance on the ground. An incident number 85 in 20012 was reported to have lower leg injury which was occurred due to wet grounds on the field of Lake District. However, the woman was rescued by the team and received a minor injury. One amongst three casualties is reported for leg injury due to wet grounds (LAMRT, 2012). Navigational errors are frequent in nature due to which people lost their way back to camp or get delayed to return. An incident number 79 was reported to have lost their way due to navigational error at the Gibson Knott. As it was dark they were lost and standing there waiting for light to

Thinking Like an Engineeering Essay Example for Free

Thinking Like an Engineeering Essay Summary of Michael Davis’ Thinking like an Engineer January 31, 2005 By: Harley Christensen  © 2005 www. harleyc. com Engineers have long considered themselves to be â€Å"professionals†, made possible by their near general adoption and use, formal affiliations aside, of a code of ethics. Varying code of ethics drafts are effective only through the actions of the engineers who abide by them. In his essay â€Å"Thinking like an Engineer†, Michael Davis gives examples of ethical challenges facing engineers , and takes direct aim at validating the use of ethical codes by the engineering profession. As a climactic opening, Davis relates the story of the Challenger space shuttle, highlighting not the disaster itself, but the dilemma of an engineer, Robert Lund, responsible for approving the launch. Sandwiched between his assumed application of a professional ethical code and the wishes of a capitalistic corporation, Lund decides (seemingly contrary to ethical code) to launch the shuttle. Given that the loss of life caused by this event is widely known, most readers would quickly conclude that Lund’s decision was absolutely incorrect, without first considering the true nature of the dilemma he faced. The Challenger disaster is hardly an effective example on which to base an evaluation of this type. Setting Lund aside for a time, Davis gives a simplistic description of the need for ethics in engineering, and which groups are benefited as such. He establishes that members of an â€Å"organized profession† have need for a formalized code to conglomerate them in the eyes of those they serve. Continuing, he gives excellent explanations of how engineering ethical codes provide â€Å"a guide to what engineers may reasonably expect of one another†. His core point, that ethical codes provide the â€Å"rules of the game† for engineers. With a professional code in place, it is up to the engineers to obey the code on an individual level. Davis states that engineers are not held to their ethical code by â€Å"anything so contingent as a promise, oath, or vow†, they participate in their profession under the statutes of the ethical code on their own accord. Drawing upon Lund’s decisions , Davis effectively demonstrates that in order for a code of ethics to be truly effective, it must be properly understood and applied. Otherwise, the benefits of being an â€Å"organized profession† will not be wholly realized. Davis shows that within the engineering profession, interpretation challenges arise from both an individual’s understanding of the ethical code wording, as well as the contexts in which they are to be applied. To drive his point, Davis gives a tiresome analysis of the meaning of the word â€Å"public†. Though relevant, his definitions do little to add weight to his arguments. In closing, Davis reiterates the responsibility that professional engineers have to correctly abide by their ethical code. They alone are responsible for incorporating the code into their work, and ensuring others do the same. With the help of ethical codes, engineers, as organized professionals, can more effectively serve their clients and benefit one another.

Taiwan: Major Industires

Taiwan: Major Industires TAIWAN: MAJOR INDUSTRIES The major industries in Taiwan are electronics, petroleum refining, armaments, chemicals, textiles, iron and steel, machinery, cement, food processing, vehicles, consumer products, pharmaceuticals. We can have a look at the major industries one by one and then do an analysis on the investment opportunities on one of them. SEMICONDUCTOR INDUSTRY Taiwan has truly emerged as a global leader in the semiconductor and microelectronics industry and serves as the home of the worlds top IC foundries, Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation (TSMC) and United Microelectronics (UMC), which hold a majority of the market share. Taiwan is also an important player in Mask ROM production, IC packaging and IC testing, accounting for 57.1%, 32% and 36% of global market shares respectively. Taiwan-based Advanced Semiconductor Engineering Inc (ASE) and Siliconware Precision Industries (SPIL) lead the IC packaging industry, while ASE Test and ChipMOS Technologies lead the IC testing industry. Taiwans IC design industry has ranked second only to the US, accounting for 28.4% of the market worldwide. Media Tek, VIA, Realtek and Sunplus are among the top 20 IC design houses. Taiwan ranks as the worlds 3rd largest maker of DRAM components, supplying 17.1% of the market. Taiwan also serves as a key IC market, with a value of US$11 billion in 2002, representing 25.7% of the market in Asia and 8.1% of the global market. Competitive Advantage and Market Strengths Taiwan plays a major role in the global semiconductor industry, as the unique structure of its IC industry fosters close cooperation among diverse yet essential elements in the value chain, ranging from IC design and manufacturing to packaging and testing. Investment Opportunities and Market Potential The National Si-Soft Project was launched in 2003 in an effort to upgrade Taiwans IC industry from mainly contract manufacturing to RD and innovation oriented production. The project aims to make Taiwan the one-stop shop for IC designs, mix-and-match intellectual properties, manufacturing, and testing. The National Si-Soft Project is devoted to developing System-on-Chip (SoC) infrastructure in Taiwan. Specific contents of the Si-Soft Project include automation software, silicon intellectual property (IP), embedded software, and system single chip, which are all essential in IC design. New IC designs will in turn drive the development of information household appliances, photoelectricity, internet technologies, energy, communication, biological chips, and nanotechnology. The project offers various benefits such as: Providing available IP sources and a more simplified transaction flow for the IC design industry (including design services), in order to decrease the time required for IC design. Improving the competitiveness of practitioners in the system industry as they realize the system knowhow in their own SoC Effectively cultivating star IP vendors in the IP industry Attracting more customers with value-added products (more complete IP features) for chip manufacturers Allowing practitioners in the packaging and testing industries to interchange freely and learn about the most advanced technologies relevant to their field in order to further enhance their technological expertise DISPLAY AND OPTOELECTRONICS Taiwan has seen significant growth in its color imaging (CI) industry in recent years. The overall production value of the flat panel display (FPD) industry alone has increased more than twofold since 2001, totaling US$7.39 billion, of which 83.4% came from the production of large size TFT-LCD units. In Q1 2004, the islands Flat Panel Display (FPD) sales reached NT$171.3 billion (US$5.1 billion), a 115% increase on the previous year, and 2004 sales are projected to reach NT$727.1 billion (US$21.7 billion). As Taiwan manufacturers are positioned to start mass production on next generation panels (6th, 7th, and 7.5), the total production value of Taiwans FPD industry will surpass NT$1 trillion. Taiwan is currently expected to account for 41% of large-sized TFT-LCD panel supply in 2004, becoming the worlds largest production base. Major TFT-LCD makers in Taiwan, such as AU, Chi-Mei, CPT, QDI, Hannstar, Toppoly, and PVI, have contributed greatly to the progress of the CI industry. AU, which receives the majority of its funding from Taiwan, is the third largest panel supplier in the world, and is the largest producer in Taiwan. Chi Mei, the second largest producer in Taiwan, is fast approaching AU in terms of production value. Competitive Advantages and Market Strengths Over 30% of the key components for FPD, such as polarizers, backlight modules, color filters and driver ICs, are manufactured in Taiwan, and local component makers such as Optimax (polarizers), Forhouse and Radiant (backlights), Allied Material Technology, Cando and Sintek (color filters), Novatek and Winbond (driver ICs), work very closely with panel makers. These component and finished product manufacturers are clustered around the Taoyuan, Hsinchu, and Tainan areas, creating an integrated supply chain that further strengthens Taiwans position in the global IT industry. Investment Opportunities and Market Potential As Taiwan is the worlds second largest producer of panels and the market for components is quite large, the government is inviting foreign suppliers of materials and equipment to build factories in Taiwan, to enable faster and more effective product and service deliveries. Panel makers in Taiwan plan to establish G5 and G6 production lines, with the goal of becoming the leading panel supplier in the world. The government aims to generate US$40 billion in FPD production value by the year 2006. In the next three to four years, enterprises specializing in advanced components will have ample space for high growth potential. The government offers investors in the color imaging industry special tax reduction and investment incentives. Combined with a highly skilled workforce and abundant experience in the IT industry, Taiwan is the ideal destination for investment in the color imaging industry. Foreign Direct Investments in Taiwan The color imaging industry in Taiwan has grown very rapidly in the past few years. In light of an increasing demand for flat panels in the global market and strong competition, Taiwans vendors realize the importance of improving their technology and producing the right key components. The cost ratio for TFT-LCD components is quite high, with color filters at around 26% and glass substrate near 4%. Taiwans government has been active in soliciting foreign investors to manufacture these key components in Taiwan. BIOTECHNOLOGY AND PHARMACEUTICALS Taiwans concerted policy efforts to develop research, development and production capabilities in the biotech sector have paid off in creating a wealth of investment opportunities. Biotech research at Taiwans top academic institutions is gaining international attention, while development capabilities, fostered through joint industry and government support, are turning these research achievements into commercially viable products. Taiwans mature production and logistics capabilities, evidenced by its over 100 cGMP-awarded pharmaceutical manufacturers, have been widely recognized as powerhouses in this area. Goals for the Coming Decade Having established a solid foundation, the Taiwan government has designated the biotechnology industry for further development into a key industry in its Two Trillion, Twin Stars Plan and Challenge 2008 National Development Plan. Through the combined efforts of government, academia, research and industrial sectors, Taiwan is poised to become a major hub and logistics operations center for RD, manufacturing, and operations in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries within the Asia-Pacific region. The governments plans to promote the industry include achieving targets of NT$150 billion (US$4.34 billion) in investments and 25% annual revenue growth by 2008 and five hundred biotech-related companies within ten years. Competitive Advantages and Market Strengths Superior pharmaceutical production and manufacturing capabilities Geographically positioned close to potential markets in Asia allows for enhanced product development for Asian markets Excellent springboard for entering other Asian markets Ease of communication and reduced cultural barriers Strong venture capital and financial resources Abundance of technical specialists in organic chemistry, optoelectronics, integrated circuitry, automated systems, and other relevant fields Excellent research facilities and well-staffed healthcare organizations TELECOMMUNICATION Taiwan offers much potential in the telecommunications market, with one of the most advanced telecommunications networks in the region. High penetration rates in both the fixed-line and mobile phone sectors have encouraged growth in telecom products and services. Looking to 2004, the Ministry of Economic Affairs has announced plans to make the telecommunications industry one of Taiwans trillion dollar industries, which will nurture the development of wireless applications, 3G, and broadband services. Competitive Advantages and Market Strengths Taiwan is currently the fourth largest producer of PCs. As PC-related IC design and manufacturing technology in Taiwan have reached world standards, wireless communication and broadband communication products, related components/assemblies and systems products manufacturing technology have all been the beneficiaries of a multiplier effect. A growing number of Taiwan manufacturers boast manufacturing and marketing capabilities for research and development of xDSL, DLC, SDHH, DWDM, and cell-phone related products. If these are combined with telecommunications service capabilities of foreign companies, particularly in the area of content services, their ability to enter newly developing markets will surely stimulate a new wave of product demand. Taiwans world-class technological advantages enable it to benefit from US and Japanese RD resources. Taiwans central location in the Asian Pacific region provides ideal access to the emerging Mainland China and Southeast Asian markets and to manufacture highly-competitive communications technology products. For manufacturers advancing into newly developing markets, Taiwan remains the most advantageous base for business operations in the region. Investment Opportunities and Market Potential In order to establish Taiwan as a broadband communications technology island, the government has classified telecommunications as a strategic industry, allowing it to benefit from a host of investment and tax incentives. The Related Industries Promotion Plan is expected to facilitate the establishment of communication-oriented SoC IC design, fiber-optic components/assemblies, production facilities, software and telecommunications service industries innovation. IT product manufacturing is expected to reach its goal of surpassing US$ 30 billion by 2007. At the same time, in order to comply with telecommunications industry liberalization and national infrastructure requirements, Taiwan has in recent years gradually liberalized the 3G and wired network markets. Estimates for 2005 anticipate US$50 billion in equipment purchase orders and US$20 billion in telecommunication service industry revenues. Market opportunities are tremendous, making Taiwan the ideal investment destination for the equipment manufacturing industry and content service providers. MATERIALS AND FINE CHEMICALS The production value of the material and fine chemical industry in Taiwan has averaged approximately US$44.38 billion annually, with petrochemical materials, polymer, electrical materials and fine chemical products as major output. Taiwan is the largest producer of ABS, the second largest supplier of PTAs, and the fourth largest in PVCs, supplying the Taiwan domestic market and the worlds major markets, especially Mainland China. With a well-developed supplier chain and marketing channels all over the world, Taiwan plays a key role in many markets today. In fact, a growing number of leading companies, such as Chi-Mei, Nan Ya Plastics and Formosa Plastics in the material industry, and UPC, Dahin, Lee Chang Yung Chemical in the fine chemical industry, are emerging more visibly in the international markets. In addition, Eternal Chemical and Chang Chun Plastics in the electrical material industry, and Taiwan Shiseido, Grand Glory Biotechnology, Taiwan Sugar, and Taiwan Salt in the cosmetics industry are already well-established in their respective markets. As the IT industry becomes more competitive, Taiwans material and fine chemical industry has been focusing on semiconductors, plane display materials, print circuit boards, nanotechnology materials and other high value-added products. Investment Opportunities and Market Potentials Taiwan is home to a great number of talented RD and design people who are well-educated and possess experience with international companies, making the island more advantageous location for multinational companies to localize as part of a globalization strategy. In recent years, Taiwans IT industry has shown impressive progress the semiconductor, TFT-LCDs, and print circuit board industries are seeing dramatic growth and have reached large-scale production levels, thereby gaining strength in the international markets. The materials and fine chemical industry in Taiwan will be highly essential in supporting the IT industry and meeting its rigorous demands. The Challenge 2008 National Development Plan, a government-support project that shows a list of plans and incentives on land lease, funding, taxes, and other benefits, demonstrates the value that the materials and fine chemical industry brings to Taiwan. Taiwan has created vast opportunities for both international and domestic firms, with Mainland China as the biggest and most prominent market. With its strategic geographical location and experience in world trade, Taiwan makes the ideal center for manufacturing and market development in the Asia-Pacific region. FINANCE, SECURITIES AND INSURANCE With foreign exchanges reserves of over US$200 billion at the end of 2003, and a forecasted 4.5% economic growth rate for 2004, Taiwan continues to maintain a robust economy, due in part to government action on internationalization and liberalization policies. Competitive Advantages Market Strengths As a growing number of global industries are migrating to the Far East, Taiwan is an ideal location to establish a financial base. Multinational companies in Taiwan have access to more precise information on the Asia-Pacific region as they expand their business. In recent years, East Asia has become an important investment location for European and American countries. Taiwans stock market index is covered in both Dow Jones and Morgan Stanleys stock indices, to the benefit of foreign investors. In addition, the government has loosened restrictions on foreign capital in the Taiwan stock market, bringing more attention to Taiwans market. Investment Opportunities and Market Potential In pursuing its goal of becoming the financial center of East Asia, Taiwan is revising its financial policies to bring them to international standards. Examples of such policies include: Lifting constraints on offshore banking units (OBUs) Policies include expanding the depth and breadth of foreign currency market, and broadening the offshore banking units market and foreign currency overnight rate market to attract foreign financial institutions and enhance Taiwans position as a regional funding center. Taiwan will therefore expand its stock and bond markets, improve market regulation and efficiency, and promote the internationalization of the securities market. Foreign investors can buy and sell securities, bonds and public warrants freely without restrictions of time or location, have more versatility in managing investments, and vitalize the market. Ongoing liberalization of capital markets for foreign investors the ROC government has opened up its stock market to foreign investors with minimal restrictions. With the introduction of more financial commodities in the market and more diversified channels for funds, Taiwans capital markets are opening to increasing foreign investors, who are now allowed to manage derivative financial products instead of spot commodities. In addition, foreign capital is now permitted in the private placement market, and these newly available commodities are attracting more foreign investment. Opening the insurance market to foreign investors Fifty-five insurance companies are currently in operation in Taiwan, of which 21 are foreign-owned. Other measures to liberalize the Taiwan insurance market include: relaxing restrictions on the approval of commodities; liberalized rates; investment policies and procedures; the opening of cross-strait insurance exchanges; the promotion of risk-based capital (RBC) systems; information disclosure systems; and a certified actuary system. With monitoring of all foreign insurance companies in Taiwan to ensure compliance with policies on remuneration for Taiwan citizens, the foreign insurance industry in Taiwan can operate in a fair and reasonable business environment. In addition, with the islands excellent location and workforce, Taiwan has the potential to become the Asian insurance market hub for foreign investors. Increasing the liquidity of financial capital in the stock market The Securitization of Financial Assets Law was implemented on July 24, 2002, with the aim of improving and increasing the liquidity of financial assets, including fully liberalized foreign investments in the public and private placement of securitization of financial assets. Several domestic banks are in the process of cooperating with foreign financial institutions in this regard. According to the rules for MFN and National Treatment, foreign invested banks in Taiwan can compete on an equal footing with domestic banks. They are all granted licenses and can operate as fully-functional branches in Taiwan. In addition, as stated in the Banking Law and Financial Holding Company Law, a foreign financial institution may invest up to a 100% stake in a domestic bank. Moreover, foreign banks and financial holding companies that have sufficient experience and a good reputation can hold shares of up to 100% under their original name. Foreign financial groups may merge with Taiwans local financial institutions under the Merger Law for Financial Institutions, which has been established for the purpose of regulating the merger of financial institutions, expanding economies of scale, enhancing the efficiency of financial institutions and protecting proper competition environments. The law provides a friendly legal environment and mechanism for the operation of Asset Management Companies. Flexible government restrictions allow foreign investors to set up their operations headquarters in Taiwan to conduct multilateral trade a growing trend for foreign companies to gain a more competitive edge. ANALYSIS OF THE TAIWANESE BIOTECHNOLOGY SECTOR Taiwans biotechnology industry includes biotechnology, pharmaceuticals and medical devices. In 2003, the total annual revenue for these industries in Taiwan was approximately NT$131.6 billion, of which NT$29.6 billion came from biotechnology0.9 percent of the total global revenue-represented by 223 companies, each with an average revenue of NT$133 million. Business scope covered included genomics, drugs, diagnostics, agricultural biotechnology, environmental biotechnology, protein drugs, contract research organizations, biochips and bioinformatics. The islands pharmaceutical industry returned NT$61.4 billion,0.4 percent of the global total with 429 companies active in this sector, averaging NT$143 million per company. The medical devices industry returned NT$40.6 billion,0.6 percent of the global total, coming from 397 companies, with an average revenue of NT$102 million each. The biotechnology workforce size is 35,610, of which 7,200 are in the biotechnology industry, 14,224 in the pharmaceutical industry and 14,186 working in the medical devices industry. Status of Biotechnology Development in Taiwan (2003) Units: NT$100 million Industry Biotechnology Pharmaceutical Medial devices Total Revenue 296 614 406 1,316 Number of Companies 223 429 397 1,049 Size of work force (number) 7,200 14,224 14,186 35,610 Export value* 113 45 288 446 Import value* 120 339 425 884 Domestic sales vs. export 62:38 93:7 29:71 66:34 Domestic market demand* 303 908 543 1,754 BIOTECH INDUSTRY ANALYSIS: MICHAEL PORTERS FIVE FORCES MODEL Advantages and opportunities in Taiwans biotech industry Advantages: 1. Active and continuous efforts to build up an attractive investment environment by the government 2. Large input to investment of up- and mid-stream RD and infrastructure 3. Close bond with fast growing Asian markets 4. Sufficient domestic capital for investing from intensive partners 5. Solid foundation and experience from the past development of the electronics industry 6. Proper environment for the development of small- and medium-sized enterprises; and the diligent and aggressive entrepreneurial spirit of the Taiwanese 7. Ample biotechnology and pharmaceutical professionals based both locally and overseas 8. Relatively homogenous ethnic Chinese population, ideal for the development of an Asian-prevalent-disease-related biotech industry 9. Qualified RD personnel who are capable of establishing a knowledge economy to reflect Taiwans uniqueness 10. Advanced traditional agricultural technology to support development of agricultural biotechnology Opportunities: 1. The key industry in the governments Challenge 2008 six-year national development plan 2. The listed incentive industry among newly encouraged emerging strategic industries 3. Rising demand in better living standards in the Asia-Pacific; and growing economy and market for potential development 4. Increasing number of strategic alliances and technology transfer cases 5. RD and precision processing sectors are ready to take advantage of the growing global trend towards outsourcing in the biotechnology industry. 6. Right timing for endless business opportunities in post human gene decoding 7. High value-added, long life cycle and value chain of biotechnology; many points of entry available, from RD to marketing 8. Flourishing biotechnology RD service industries (technical evaluation, RD design, intellectual property services, and start-up incubation services) 9. Many large-sized high-quality medical centers, providing optimal conditions for undertaking clinical trials 10. Clear market segmentation from temperate zone products of advanced countries with Taiwans sub-tropical climate to develop Asian sub-tropical agricultural biotechnology 11. Plentiful related information aggregated from National Health Insurance program 12. Diseases associated with a modern sedentary lifestyle, with potential for drug and disease screening technology platforms Objective. RECOMMENDATIONS 1. Although there are a few biotech companies but all of them are small scale operators. Hence a consolidation programme can be started. 2. Since biotech is going to help pharmaceutical companies in a big way hence pharma companies can make a conscious effort to start RD centers with emphasis on biotechnology. 3. Although the government is supportive of the sector but not many FDIs have been invited. The government can specifically invite FDIs in this sector. 4. Large companies like Biocon and Brighton Research labs should be asked to set up facilities. They can be promised access to markets in mainland China through Taiwan. 5. Most of the raw materials required is being imported, so the government can devise strategies to develop auxiliary industries and make the sector self sufficient. 6. Newer and more challenging topics can be taken up to study. Like human genome sequencing which would help in determining the genetic causes for diseases like cancer and AIDS.